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A lot of such theories have been proven wrong, such as women who are pregnant shouldn t exercise or that women athletes can t tolerate running long distances. If you remember, 60 or 70 years ago experts said that a curve ball didn t curve, that it was an optical illusion. As for stress on the shoulders, certainly anyone who participates in gymnastics at a young age is putting a high level of stress on the shoulder joints and they seem to do fine.<br> <br>BFS: Seldom do your athletes perform any pressing exercises. Isn t shoulder strength important in jerking weights overhead?<br><br>Schnorf: During the time I worked with Curt and Stewart we never did any pressing. Stewart could never bench press 200 pounds, and Amy Miller has jerked 237 pounds overhead but can t do a military press with 75 pounds. Amy has one of the best jerks I ve seen, male or female, and certainly the best jerk of anyone I ve coached. I am of the belief that the jerk is a speed and technique lift, so with my athletes I emphasize speed, speed and more speed.<br>BFS: What effect does the starting age have on speed and starting strength?<br><br>Schnorf: The sooner you can establish the proper motor patterns in lifting the better. The toughest athletes to teach are the kids who are maybe 16 to 18 and have done a lot of bodybuilding exercises it gets very frustrating for them. I think that especially for a kid who s pretty bright and has an appropriate attention span, the younger you can get them started the better.<br><br>BFS: You were one of the first coaches to train athletes twice a day. Did you encounter criticism from other weightlifting coaches for training that frequently?<br><br>Schnorf: Certainly. The accepted practice was generally to train every other day, so the idea that an athlete could train six days a week or twice a day some days was just not looked upon as being appropriate at that time.<br><br>BFS: Are there any problems related to the age at which an athlete begins lifting twice a day? <br><br>Schnorf: An athlete who starts such frequent training younger has a big advantage over an athlete who begins at a later age, especially in terms of how the body handles it and frequently in how the mind handles it. One of the problems with older lifters trying to train this frequently is that they have a lot more stress and personal obligations and may not have the ability to focus like a kid who doesn t have all those pressures.<br><br>BFS: You have a reputation for pushing your athletes through brutally hard training sessions. Is that true?<br><br>Schnorf: At the 1979 Friendship Cup in Russia, Stewart lifted well while the other US lifters didn t lift very well. On the plane back someone asked Stewart why the pressure didn t seem to bother him, and he said,  I have more pressure on me every day in the gym than I ever had in Russia. My philosophy is to put my athletes under a lot of pressure in tess and failure is most often so fine we don't realize it.<br>In order for an athlete to reach their Upper Limit, one must learn to control the flesh and let the mind be in total contSnkS e*h'@ much more plasant the world would be, if every one could master this. There would be no illegitimate children, murder or rape. Easier said than done, right? The first step that needs to be taken to accomplish this goal, is to start practicing mental domination over the flesh. For example, athletes can start by saying, I'm going to do three forced reps after I fail on the Squat, or any other strenuous activity. <br> The last three or four reps is what makes the muscle grow. This area of pain divides the champion from someone else who is not a champion. That's what most people lack, having the guts to go on andjust say they'll go through the pain no matter what happens. Arnold Schwarzenegger<br>Any time we get out of our comfort zone, whether it be squatting 495 for 10 repetitions with the last 3 being forced reps, or sprinting a 40 meter dash, the mind must be in control in order to win. The flesh is weak, it will almost always want to relax and go back to its comfort zone. <br> Nobody wants to be mediocre in life. The mediocre are the top of the bottom, or the best of the worst, or the bottom of the top, or the worst of the best. Lou Holtz<br>There once was a young boy who wanted more than anything in the world to be a great basketball player. He dreamed of this, day and night. He worked at it as hard as any human being worked at anything, trying to develop skills and coordination. He practiced long nd hard trying to improve each day. It was a very sad and disappointing day when his coach told him he didn't make the team. Thenext year, he tried again, but still didn't make the team. He went home to his room and cried his eyes out. He had been rejected twice and was very discouraged and upset, but he would not quit. He said his experience of having been cut taught him how to handle rejection in his adult years. He worked harder than ev