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He examined hormone levels, blood profiles and muscle biopsies. Participants also filled out questionnaires regarding any side effects such as cramping, diarrhea, nausea. None were reported. Not only has Kraemer thoroughly examined creatine, he also used it when he was a competitive athlete as did his 17-year-old daughter when she played high school tennis and his 15-year-old son when he was weight lifting. Again, no adverse side affects. Creatine does have one well-documented side effect. It causes an increase in muscle mass. When taken as prescribed it has the capacity to increase body weight by as much as seven pounds in five days.<br>Are there any long term effects? The long term effect of creatine has never been studied. However, creatine has been used in the past and without incident. Athletes in the 1940s and 1950s used it until steroids became available. They switched to steroids because they got results much faster. The Eskimos ingest up to four grams of creatine per day through their high consumption of meat and fish, twice that of Americans, and, have not had any documented ill effects.<br>How much time is considered long term? Is it 5 years, 10 years, or 50 years? The FDA has been studying creatine since it exploded onto the sports scene in 1992. Dr. Mike Stone from Appalachian State University, a leader in the field of Muscle Physiology, has been studying athletes who have been taking creatine for as long as six years. To date, there are no reports of kidney, heart or liver problems.<br>Since there is no documented evidence that creatine is a health hazard, the benefits of accelerated muscle development using creatine, far outweigh at least one alternative - using anabolic steroids. For those concerned about sending the wrong message to young adults, consider this; it is a great service to young people to let them know there is a viable alternative to using anabolic steroids.<br><br>_______________________________________<br><br>Creatine is criticized <br>for the following<br><br>1. It could have been a cause in the death of three college wrestlers who died trying to  make weight. <br><br>2. It caused muscle cramping due to water retention and dehydration.<br><br>3. Creatine has an adverse effect on liver and kidney function.<br><br>4. It is lacking in long term research.<br><br>5. To a lesser degree of concern, creatine causes stomach upset, diarrhea and nausea.<br><br><br><br>x. Take care not to plop down hard or out of control as this could cause injury, although the Box Squat is very forgiving. hen contact is made, settle back in a backward rocking motion putting the weight back on the glutes and hips. Make sure the lower back remains concave in a  locked-in position. Then, shift your power upward to drive the hips and legs in a forward, upward surge of momentum.<br>Make sure you use your powerful hip and buttock muscles including the tendons. If you go down and just touch the box, or bench, like most people, then all you develop are he quadriceps. This would be a serious mistake for an athlete. Finally, the athlete should drive up on his toes in an explosive type action at the last part of the lift. If the weight is too heavy to do this, the athlete should always try and have the feeling of coming up on the toes. The athlete should have the same feeling of blocking, tackling, rebounding or releasing a track implement at this final stage.<br><br><br>THE FINER POINTS<br>Obviously the height of the box makes a difference in the amount of weight that can be handled. The ideal starting point is about two-inches above parallel. Sometimes the tall, skinny athlete needs a higher level in order to get his technique correct. The same is often true with the over-fat younger athlete. The bottom line is control. If the athlete can t control his downward movement without plopping, then simply raise the box. <br>Normally, I l_miuUHPR42/=֭$ qفߓӀqvgI,lWlv