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Performing Marine Corps push-ups where you clap your hands, land, and then immediately perform another repetition is an example of shock training for the upper body. One of the characteristics of shock training is a brief transition phase, which is the pause that occurs immediately after the eccentric phase ends and before the concentric phase begins. Such dynamic activity is required to take advantage of two processes: 1) the reflex increase in muscle tension caused by the sudden impact stimulus, and 2) the release of elastic energy stored in the tendons and muscles developed during the eccentric phase energy that can be refocused to help an athlete jump higher and farther and run faster. As illustrated in Figure 1, a delay as long as .25 seconds would prevent the athlete from being able to use that energy, and the activity would have to be regarded as low- or medium-level plyometrics. Says Siff,  A useful visualization of shock training is to imagine that the surface being touched by the hands or feet durng the plyometric contact phase is red hot, so that any prolonged contact would be dangerous. Verkhoshansky s research has revealed that shock training is the most effective type of plyometrics. In one 12-week study, Verkhoshansky divided track and field athletes into two groups. The first group performed 1472 low-and medium-level plyometric activities, including squats. The other group performed 475 jumps using the shock training method. Although the shock training group performed a third less work, these athletes showed greater improvement in reactive ability than thereplaced fat with carbohydrates which is really starch and sugar. We as a nation, have adopted the USDA food pyramid which means a high carbohydrate-low fat diet. However, it should seem obvious, this high complex carbohydrate-low fat diet plan has failed.<br>Food is composed of three macro nutrients which we have discussed: Carbohydrates, protein and fat. Meats are mostly protein and fat while plants are mostly carbohydrates. It is very difficult to cut out one macro nutrient. The reasonable position in the past has been to eat less meat, eggs and dairy products and replace those with grains, fruits, vegetables and fat-free snacks. Americans have cut back on protein in order to eliminate fats.<br>The bad news is that eating more carbohydrates stimulates your body to store more fat, so many people get more fat. Carbohydrates can stimulate profound metabolic hormonal changes. Surprisingly, dietary fat doesn t do much to make you fat.<br>Eating carbohydrates, even those non-fat foods with carbohydrates, causes a rapid increase in the hormone called insulin and decrease in its opposing hormone called glucagon. Even complex carbohydrates stimulate this same kind of a response.<br>All carbohydrates are basically sugar. Starches are made up of sugar molecules. All carbohydrates are converted sugar. If you were on a 2,200 calorie per day diet and followed the USDA food pyramid of 60% car