JFIFC    $ &%# #"(-90(*6+"#2D26;=@@@&0FKE>J9?@=C  =)#)==================================================" }!1AQa"q2#BR$3br %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz w!1AQaq"2B #3Rbr $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ?Iu(AMzԡn* eM7i`pi t@}{S7 Uq fWB*S$]q^é '+ܚ@E׽gN95A$`ל[#RC`QGJsJzz40:"9A=*5ƭ:jӸ rڦ(8ɣ`h"d暈sދdS UCMi `wr:N_U HGP0y5"=M!gI Al9nRONXDY^? d{S&T䞣T꧟JBԌh qe*sj1ϧC?:_,R \ǁIyiNztdU.Jx™@nt+ SJ`8> .Z\H`"$*JFk` oӚكRZlƄvjdBz ۭSm8#!:J`&ja@ϧjzRyJL`?=P0A=:bH!h]Qh>̀;n,Tyj)m#j#P2 @AnzrNy37ckQ#S,qMp>57V´'Vk/Ӏ#7WL"đL.{`jHoS:pFi2N8"CGM(9MfQ T 9YܻC>4&M{ 'վDFH=;.xh.@`X ~çv8pdUt B铊D>Ry5gFԡOZڿVnb =z_DWϻ@H<[}p),8QO]*1kcRD#-qzF=Um{<&_{l2Ouyn>^ox\_wz/on!-3PElɫ6z$^#5Kie8,ߩbk-XHL7^H#s>Ӵ1%PKh^X%A^3MTvZ+zJI JSQ ž/J Z][̡-Ċ$$Dԯs>=Lo\~:v뎔\-yo 9mﻯbs/>uw202mF|t- cR:0@Ur,HZ*wvM%p;_AMOSjO$'n?9-in <U퀑ֳ?Xj[[sI'< 횤KWe:u~i1R1Ǿi8ce{ux%'xj kDFw ?N؜HiK6sօ|/]xsV6d~Uyҽ {Lz 3^sV9ڳ$79kcMFX‹y;c!9MSj5lC춬Z[ *8\W{EMHa2IǯX !7&$fߛ+g ~u'wch'kTQ=Ҡ r(lMu < df_u+֣-kBV8돘1]Ǫ[y9Be",`Ҭ#ԞOR~WЖ,R:}h1?AMBXNR(S8Pq4`^|v3x4'?7`●T)?1 <$=1)Hfaցf'h4N3M99Zy]IXtAO92MTot~Kk̫X3;T5p!P0PX QEU>,SJma<ԥHk^8هUsXu荬?%ȧ d*5p 8ڜzT[8Un0z9‚zT*V#ހ$f hsV#ߡ 8Sx A#ҕsH@$g Pq%$)ŰyH|6AAݍFXҀX;wi*1cR9p'SX%UJ JRKM#9?SUkmvŠs#&7)E6`1t5ӗ'=WP+ ϿWvwYKs "c;^u5 `5%/}UEӭ40L zwRO*&`sOV88i 9y⛻ SOr(pTT'P yRu⫇֤/^cp⣑mI ^y,NY3B4!8ߕJcQ/ O.ր G^GXǡ߸b&3 e֦B{zI^wnF1ךχZP|Jȹ|s?lݑWf{uH5PB0+ͫڼyO'ߧ_ҼV^MY)Y|YxT2& 㼐{S#ҋ f/-?}5g$dᫎ簣XΌ"D^Q`eP9XB;{X~`o/Z>X.kyaYj4?0ug}`|*݊a#jE9e=IQvg/u,n,Ax#> 0jϾՀ(%v91zAY:5(`g5#܀jΝ>s4IRvf]v`A` tw5_V蠚u Z60iv*x#0W-1{x{Ԙ␑Hp)N{gܞI2zPF: SSNOqҀAJaSQ׃MqFWL#'RszzSIր"*=3Ln3dt$SP,ފynS$#)*i ( qbnQHJZPn#PKh⎧b(@$zgn2OǽS>pPB~E5SI()hO s&Kdqއ}dl'$񚒍:q% e4V])HW]\ pGZD$UhlЄi$2N H?g1G8֭܀ӃT-ъjʏQ11T,1O0>f ==q qT2Lz9#ױ(Lrba"ip=q7gcO𨷇AuƋĪs^U'V J͈n?vrx3zsݜ 4;5a_k^4l>bY;tVֿp(Q%^[?u~yb S`=˨&} ~Ҍdw][(*J__?:9Wⶦ2YxN + 3+*8Aa@==j.Jz`Fyl0~C} MϿ/9>1'C&  It has never been shown scientifically or clinically that the periodic impostion of large forces by weight training on the growing body causes damage to the epiphysial plates, says Siff, in his book Facts and Fallacies of Fitness.  It is extremely misleading to focus on the alleged risks of weight training on children when biomechanical research shows that simple daily activities such as running, jumping, striking or catching can impose far greater forces on the musculoskeletal system than very heavy weight training. <br>To illustrate his point, Siff compared the stress of squatting with running.  Suppose that one child runs a few hundred meters a day in some sporting or recreational activities. This can easily involve several thousand foot strikes in which the reaction force imposed on the body can easily exceed 4 times bodyweight with every stride. Now let another child do a typical average weight training session with 3-5 sets of squats (say, with 10 reps, 8, 6 and 4 reps), with bodyweight or more forthe last set. That bodyweight is divided between the two legs, so that, even taking acceleration into account, the loading per leg is bodyweight or a little more, while the spine is subjected to the full load on the bar. In other words, the legs and spine in controlled squatting are exposed to significantly less force than in running and jumping. Normally, exercises such as squatting will be done no more than twice a week for a total of about 60 repetitions, while the running child will run every day and subject the body to those many thousands of impulsive foot striks. <br> It does not require much scientific knowledge or computational genius to see that the cumulative loading imposed by simple running activities on the lower extremties and the spine is far greater than the cumulative load of two or three times a week of weight training. Does this now mean that we are justified in recommending that children not be allowed to run, jump, throw or catch because biomechanical research definitely shows that such activities can produce very large forces on many parts of th