JFIFC    $ &%# #"(-90(*6+"#2D26;=@@@&0FKE>J9?@=C  =)#)==================================================" }!1AQa"q2#BR$3br %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz w!1AQaq"2B #3Rbr $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ?x8Y Ct$3mkXFLt) r@ӲG9ɥqY 5&aS 1 %VX3֎GJ#48ؤߵ7~ iPϮ)r1sFrq9P$:QG>HzP0UڀrG$%,^#Ƥ;$?4Rk# +<cḺH`8)r)y$IҀq^ѿ14 Ҋ" }v$%9ߎh(sŠ6Tc@ ٳFudLS<)h'p8Mwr@s< Ci8#cF!;vݞ*F;O%3SjGp0)PGP)a u.Ϙz^8dfA"(` @3}1@.܎G#) dgҜN8\A# @~5kF!uUf;b@Y-Y6{Qк=S[==x)J+7r:"-RtuR-a~.I(i *OQ'2%OnѕLI@#9ԑ3{R##20h A)W rBzW`N9=Np%FF,aV@q;cozUsyPTx2s;ր#9+Jg >G0ڕm5>ѐ1Ͻ">@?O'(N9hkDlO+躐Kv9/ *PTy I,3M#T*"x!xe^\ԑaқQK b208tLL˪8lNy|c";tcSx4 Pcs*qWv%^+QY [)'JHQ܁X v>nM9*I4ȘOj7 MUdƞH}*T00d=gz k $:4l87.H)cQ%m-yV$r? Դ+bh$Vm\ %u+3m?yv9a$C)aNq:E8,p3 &9Br &6":N:Ҝx0x㒹# Esp;wS0H A#.2(@qp8|cv11(9WOX@ U#QP2Ka$)$`&XqMɐ3ido9LK ІRB2ɂx au,ޥw;Hv9T'K%ǖHX*W`( WvO=`x5Bs\0]*")OcҲbº md23և77  *蕠PlXԫ˱)jx gpb϶PhlgU8ރWxpZL@\L馶&,FJ6O\zӅD3TA}GnOX5_ط WJ7^.Q)-呣`ޜ1EUe#;A4gq [taIYHC0(fp[wgi$ܐX2sSV@͹ %(UN@~?*/n͟x&te9S%Z ѸdXjbmH%U ېY #@$2̑-Ι (Ṷ;U1˳FV?:,;Ȯu`C)21; ]DITDN6 ) ,f)B0I8!M\ `zbd ?qpPX2~\`R%XðrFN{$s#rpiy;p G0t+ B 8RG5%_,#9un1\eXٲ9i4,sMT,o'j[KY/.,ٻExf8^% NHY5# xͧp#=^_F5Gꦺ3ѮY{sڼK:k~)xtR>|ܜEzd׬"&G7u?Zb@5f4t㢑_)Kۆ'@pG`=*q곬,(l tKs\r!WnAФέ4Ic +9 jLiJ b]ZX^v,$B 3AO'ltonD{s@Gb~* %l㑆 Nq)gL* 5 UY%;$F%Sv '3g>&-gy8'<žv2 {F3W+[к6vj\ I;GӚ<{nl#cr,ѻ=jsxȪ+Î;f]q֭\iė^^q'%OOJu-NѣXmM(+GTPKzVc[{Th(qS;ZÄ|د9C'5'u+mV{gk'ybO'>|q7dH3ӥg Ԕ>#]JJ vԍ7:3d2qIo8 nKWFX.<ٿi +u(z ӋL`x=:XpH"2é-zg!,mNa&y#3` #F)SɂSցUʕ{SX< ɨ\C1pzm ! Do8 tE]Cor3E2[(+.q{psj)"20ыUbmN9U453!2ۊ yp0<H=8\# ONRf+M T&2P3@T1n ߊa %\@n(Hl=&%Nܖ}4* !BOB̓F Ȋ 6%mp~dʋS=^@t]J*x9lN[HlvSGs3Dֳx[{vQܚu [KoTblv J9-V@Msӑ<cEJ6Ok5q RL+{Db`! TS|mI*1랡sOUh)nq] Uskyin'IB5G~k#}NX,Q8G󭦌TJ7Ji p̱m9+={G9UPkti픫ع pk'S^ihZtqj񬌲 <|ݾ@3nI{)#T`yU&l>S|Q ;Dl3Q`<}U1ڥ-"nzTv$ЇSyW⹑i5Hl9Ebmڲ0q^vw+B P++W"u-ಐĂ:~|f@xcV A'>uD󮭭 #aw޸_ ljY8#נ\M\Oq$kFeNU5>qݛeD(K04f evv G^K)8WPp6=+Tr30^VbC=Ldilg 1QO$[cvX6Ӛ6xUG+*Xcsd#[^beS~Ud1#t:?(2,R3dJ|FݔT=:@8*Fq?"wHfW`7(sq5, ![x^aQ#ڒBc`5lg&"#fZֵ-ڑ[+-&B.. SbNA92O ;G@OTQqZYHP89=[)?9c޸xV%191WufƳ»JW~]y5*O!WFP'cQISV7S 㞝뗵:~#\[zDgAP ӥK@˱YۥD39YČ$ "?L[,mlTZ_2X$C?+T$&=!5!&Sf cߖ^*{J#{k$6Lr;Wk XKQ)rz5wp=i$[~YX7%n*-I Ƽnbu4܆]GoJ̓CgR}N$s$&I `:rŽb`@qBvOyd.|I"MZHuc G$u*8=|לH3BR@Jm:ovvbkPOX}ZC7@c\#4q@\Ո˃jD #%^.6e%k[Ξ`U! >)DQ5@`rʫ[[8PHDrCM%3`]L+3П@L6(^:S?A!ȥR <) "8=C|̣MVemt`KYǠ85*ȳ6Vw.3QBх"2#@[T؅$t ]A",?hE$m\VTwi3HeRE8r¬qa -9FY xFOoʚN[;[pѼ ~ur}srRCT(a7*E)XyA F1 .#p Y[|k%bdVprz֯YFl# \c'4l0Uv?J+:mHi0=*]p1P[vHʠU º\#<Ri%#5*1Uc*3e_R̊m1*8XXVKH֛sw+YFB#4{$8VOPvԚ8Ccp,x<})IW(xTmƯ=ɯC FUy5[MRaUІ$mݴo=*SH\nPᵁFƎdfa!ƁwpqJК@Dd :P%^\(2:ǽCq/~Wp -h&ڮo}$[urLm]y إQrvwYk®H^87 39=(%חonϾz u9/-38 _ְaoyN;wm+_uF#F+RKL<4x̃  u~РU`P , 6 and 4 reps), with bodyweight or more for the last set. That bodyweight is divided between the two legs, so that, even taking acceleration into account, the loading per leg is bodyweight or a little more, while the spine is subjected to the full load on the bar. In other words, the legs and spine in controlled squatting are exposed to significantly less force than in running and jumping. Normally, exercises such as squatting will be done no more than twice a week for a total of about 60 repetitions, while the running child will run every day and subject the body to those many thousands of impulsive foot strikes. <br> It does not require much scientific knowledge or computational genius to see that the cumulative loading imposed by simple running activities on the lower extremities and the spine is far greater than the cumulative load of two or three times a week of weight training. Does this now mean that we are justified in recommending that children not be allowed to run, jump, throw or catch because biomechanical research definitely shows that such activities can produce very large forces on many parts of the growing body? <br>It should be obvious then that there is nothing wrong with running and other normal activities of childhood, and therefore no reason to disallow activities of lesser impact, such as carefully structured programs of weight training.<br>Siff also notes that bone density scans have proven that youngsters who do competitive weightlifting (i.e., the snatch and the clean and jerk) have higher bone densities than children who do not use weights, and that clinical research has not shown any correlation between weight training and epiphysial damage. Further, an extensive Russian study on young athletes, published in a book entitled School of Height, concluded that heavy lifting tends to stimulate bone growth in young athletes rather than inhibit it.<br>Two possible reasons for the fear that weight training could stunt growth are that weightlifters tend to possess more muscle mass than other athletes and that smaller athletes are attracted to the sport. In gymnastics, the average height of elite athletes has steadily declined in the past several Olympics because shorter athletes tend to be more successful in this sport. But saying that weightlifting makes you shorter because many elite weightlifters are short would be like saying that basketball makes you taller because most professional basketball players are tall!<br><br>The Numbers Game<br><br>Risk of injury is another area of concern for some coaches and parents. In this regard, it s instructive to look at the many studies that have measured the rate of injuries associated with weight training compared to other sports. For example, a study published in the November/December 2001 issue of the Journal of American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons cited research showing that in children aged 5 to 14 years, the number of injuries from bicycling was almost 400 percent greater than from weightlifting! Also, in a review paper on resistance training for prepubescent and adolescents published this year in Strength and Conditioning Coach (Vol. 9, No. 3), author Mark Shillington reported in a screening of sports-related injuries in school aged children that resistance training was the nominated cause of 0.7 OI M5