JFIFC    $ &%# #"(-90(*6+"#2D26;=@@@&0FKE>J9?@=C  =)#)==================================================" }!1AQa"q2#BR$3br %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz w!1AQaq"2B #3Rbr $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ?+nI[R)okrZ7{1PND1SK(q#3ޝdTdFFg`. Y<7i#XnP1Ktr(?KQ2p'~._U~Avن#~ۍ*; c+q}0~v4T+ v5e`. 69_Xxぉ`V9a ,$?;ZVg»Ȏ%8U+mI+,3 Tv76n6v6j%8vkNI+SH!$$8AQ/ZHO#gg\ +GsoWS9ضP1'f rlky"D*w>4^!DI>x*dpTcQZJr)|[BfUؼ6y4ΈV*J?Z8]T:nAw-i"gP }}ʖ˙댃AB-e;E2d'+_Pլyk* K) FH´$܄9'M$&iA.Kg9$_Z+g({? xnT rԯCҨͣ^4E \7Mǭs h$i464qO'oR]FeUR9ԺGt;9ܛA hϗc6+99KN"2::;ɵ"ieJ.U85dI0sܡVuŽs;3*ݏ5\ޜgc}2\irrRZVpC,#R]hfMV?ƻ(:*%JʥyqJQ49jp6ddgI {m_ƗIH85m,uexk_hX/TaK˭fZAI"b*yhmL[fSA'GĚך6SH{Oº8[=muxO."<>RC7+&HXJ*X$OT\W=cg>\,y|\g;s\3db`s^i|Eɥꁼݘ7\!6x62_'V8PfI_Vώ|;x݀^zݽsEi 4H,f7cYo9PW8R-s`٬lfe},+$-ıBp;*$&ymDN݂Aޝjo!{x ·wn$3Gz{b2-9^P}m-"pJ$:{m"PO5E Z6Wm=El0˸)@Z9GX@\S+ָfU(^O }ke4imIăS'd8l5+6>Rt Wnsuv<뱁=$6Tv -])r9vP9E1xW! ~,z'ÅԼ2L]8<QoMoi%=?[Drlj-b"i@'ӥs'-BVyVPn¯ûc(hPyU=Z/El$boS:mGX4 !''oEM5-s̨ ( ( WFڤ}*:w\Ƨ ȚhDxY*JTAO^!n"FMeIf#~&I;tYbNwzfM>kww@Yj$+庶&Z̆NrT\RPI96RYᾱKo(ʜ`Wxfc=0B^+؁dL7ùH⥫0SCߛbĩ^?,`<_oXoor 8ڴlc״xu~)uh0Pns OBӵVC(xݳ#vH{Kˇ3TMf}FwJv1h?UG'ڱ"_"|}뫹9뎣b_ZCyèҰ&ƫQY-6JZ*lQEPPQE8H)JI@X]ЏgO8m@@8Y\VuG/HOĂ3ZN =ժ \F~8WЫҾTTԒ<{N =RKy sSߏJo]Dn7J@ýAw{og xw;`T4K{k$b%6K2I2' '$Y׬Y21=Hp᳉׃z&CFe(t$HC\3zvRP*=%_k7/>Ҳ&GPĬOو4%3\HR'猆(@s$K7Pr65]LgAqTg9!,Ft抪9 Ϡ9A'ڕx'>v61€Hw;rXkxvvc%Aǚ@=7?ަHʁ;N<y'#q`<چovb%fnxM}9 p"e77x*VVWe9%=#g<4:C89kj ֶ&gu9VCƺo M& {F[Aj+ʓ LoY?XbB~+R5 JO)@6g}LU=w~u[yDQԑc}s2^:IMcJ~ht +<c%hZ`۰f$G$/ݑ~uAVY8C:C92dH,t^&`D>ON e+X"Ŷq\g ~H-ǘ:20 L1 3T, 2 ֤13^R3):d@~oքE@EŃ+6rFOn{S7RC gQ@U<%r j~Y1(bJ'S>\ǥiģt?:C(%08:;["`]qp拤%:pEWu9 )X̍ǧ"3sqE9NI4RzOjq9r*(QҐħYi(eF*ʅ y?ާ'41!bQ0MQ:q@Be]:` <Vp$ ٶr}u:]ӂ sjwfi|#vV,z(.=֩\/{sQG>;NQ"ܘAJH$lTrBMbz!=`Nt).!$|Ny֗Op #[]Gk"ИhrtX2$#I$]ƕ 0{9V.-a(çSn>E3UL{l\%vqȘ]aQuɂ۱5auO}j鐓\gѪ1:U9]ABUMX9E#ۉ={Eh8 iUM@(/Қ@!94 :H簨:U;-:Uz:#^Z.lghk,#"Im.;3 VcKy%( [1Q'J͈{j5mQY1 zԴ&jĄ.Ka׾x#%WG~)[Q70#v=m~ RL;SHu4 ^ԫsJmk k=j'Т)_$0j隞Aߚ)>5(ey'SEZecessary? he fluids lost through perspiration causes cramps. Theory number two is "an imbalance in electrolytes". If too much sodium is lost through perspiration, it causes an imbalance with potassium resulting in cramping. The "environmental theory" states that exercising in extreme heat or humidity can lead to an electrolyte imbalance already mentioned above. Again, there are many theories, but no documented evidence. So if we do not know what causes cramps, and, we know there is no physiological reason creatine can cause dehydration, we can dismiss the notion that creatine causes muscle cramps.<br>Does creatine affect the function of the liver and kidneys? This has been and is currently being studied by three well known and highly respected researchers, Dr. Bill Kraemer, Dr. Rick Kreider, and Mr. Mike Stone to date, no undesirable side effects have been found. Kreider studied the effects of creatine on college football players and reported "no impact on tests of liver or kidney function." Kraemer examined active college students at Penn State after a heavy work out. He also found no side effects from the use of creatine. He examined hormone levels, blood profiles and muscle biopsies. Participants also filled out questionnaires regarding any side effects such as cramping, diarrhea, nausea. None were reported. Not only has Kraemer thoroughly examined creatine, he also used it when he was a competitive athlete as did his 17-year-old daughter when she played high school tennis and his 15-year-old son when he was weight lifting. Again, no adverse side affects. Creatine does have one well-documented side effect. It causes an increase in muscle mass. When taken as prescribed it has the capacity to increase body weight by as much as seven pounds in five days.<br>Are there any long term effects? The long term effect of creatine has never been studied. However, creatine has been used in the past and without incident. Athletes in the 1940s and 1950s used it until steroids became available. They switched to steroids because they got results much faster. The Eskimos ingest up to four grams of creatine per day through their high consumption of meat and fish, twice that of Americans, and, have not had any documented ill effects.<br>How much time is considered long term? Is it 5 years, 10 years, or 50 years? The FDA has been studying creatine since it exploded onto the sports scene in 1992. Dr. Mike Stone from Appalachian State University, a leader in the field of Muscle Physiology, has been studying athletes who have been taking creatine for as long as six years. To date, there are no reports of kidney, heart or liver problems.<br>Since there is no documented evidence that creatine is a health hazard, the benefits of accelerated muscle development using creatine, far outweigh at least one alternative - using anabolic steroids. For those