JFIFC    $ &%# #"(-90(*6+"#2D26;=@@@&0FKE>J9?@=C  =)#)==================================================" }!1AQa"q2#BR$3br %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz w!1AQaq"2B #3Rbr $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ?j(i\N ǭjъOXIȫ9S %/o^k>%&cVFFMZ,|]Q7פi,&zf(eJUפ$ W? ?5$EuFhi((((y K]=p8Ͻz=d-qH0׊%֌Hw\յeviޥ\ִf*L\*Pu{̀^;GHv[:iEL@Tw#aj䓓[2i8T Q `0AXz'GO91yhX`wS/aEg$H->L*TdzU2tL Hp1a橭 q`{́U}zW!9=׭Ǥ?Yu5QL(((+nVFm.arxW VU$`׊1/Ow ,n@Q ~5aYnuި6Rp>˴>P寂Tr[[An"yB:k9+u5M;+\oG?.2{UtFNz֧ԭm /S>MKNfďh?/CWHUX[.Ghd+sh,UQVs4YNLJG ^4qڸ*)Uf +v̏4\,7N{(Ma3^?JP t?x֦V zn>@:S7(H-!"fz/K _P _U}Rp~4E40+(ky5Btw@aOI8М;MՋ}5Bxg(]=$ҡOsJԼ%AI\)hp;A?@lkK@{]EcfHFJqRi-XֲIoc,| O;=EQnXٸ dJ kWN99 Lq8+V$xu*PndBFJXs(N;4s~5[s*BfDd ?ҹK^Y@돥u?^M.O~țJvVHwzwgtdܤ=F*cx%7zbt J>Qap3nm+>WO$;ry֤lUmptP)&yc  ]gm ZTm%/1aEXFsH,I'SbCZ8Eˆ1:YzC$:t85p2sީꉹm_#BZ\m_-ݴ7J+EAh2ǯl=k7PL_<屜RH䕣*O*Ήx[Y$"NT>"ͫDH##懸t=NeQF^gTUr@~z`;˭]ű +G(oU`+&DUYT pYOҢ! S㟭K*݊]=60c7 7i2?,2<jo]\å`.Ib#ڧQo84t-X(tW#<ֲOfZ~wY"":eIżK0JtM~/l䲊(bPg-9D sTE 1ׯzAn2Fy f}N@ħleJrKs )/ҡHloP!]F9&SF*3q$tPkQom?i^cZؔ akuC`}8SZ'xLYa"3#So'9 ?TvIl{sJ ]'wHam[$p8J@CqUuwY;=Ew{/Ҋdy."%A1N~/0 fsrې8tw3d#uUWKHX/>-eun6t~ lm85)\Gvs_h5߃v0.?wT4c<8M(.ce%iLvimմu< {~UV%@l0|z=.=q`*u2˦ܼR:[)늅%柲\ yy1FI\8VUDQ{NQ$,) T+SF+DͳՈVqM.6kۡ$O#q?mU+=$eмlH ڹKRImu 5?I{CnayG"B$tSb =' {V[CK*\v#J[w@cŭr@a@aϠ1$Yl:+ѭY:foDe>m\ Y\lhe9CUO^ i8خsÊAt1MXf\ª(ۆ#'9ެ7J$XݜTmK}LѬrl0gq?NTYvp0;VvеceogҼ=I丹3wf?uS^yQ&xU=++BMCWi΅0Q W;;4[.c<`*$RGr/n1 #,y$ Y h_<41O'd w8#Ĉ{ևe-}ӊ*Qӎ {o1^hjFya#cSѝHR2}kT105?:KW,2ToiUGא?Q]W26 szҰjxZ}O0C1' {H IE1} Wǣj>*դA<| GN*,x7IVE}9Wbk!'1gһ"B8Gz&7;Z70Haf2;b҅Ѡ=>=Ib*ybxƖx%n"5U2yO2^Z~KH{ .y?kBn;rߙ{JPĨ6 C:g{uvR9^~Z~;ԽXx1WeaPN PkׂI1JnἵXfM&L|+U]9Z$?:;t6gsӿ~QDz($\ hB޺θi]Ch%AcO2H~F';{S@aܬs/m"|`p+}$_UFԥGwC34{Yr-Yڮ3q 5OPp13p= &h;HdB;zj6I‹k02 }MV#EhFwE#OӺ3V+D\5Cy9ӞvA]GCS@|ȣpIϿl*ω| '-n$ }GRu_Rib!eggs~XL֒it[.F:r? -6ҸH3?1^y2AI=F%Ki?xķk@idfؠ3vMilGJ ڥA]ÜٴukU]|ugqvmBC&cz}k:w{/Ҋ4_".QEQEQEVvՆm[@M`K ֛&d63W4٧1:RM($ria_bEגxrķvv;]z?:W|53۫dssTh,x -Ae 7 l2}G<׳@ 汦Ν ๎ 5eY:TY1h?(Ƚ={*`u4=TFHLAMů=pW9ޱBvȨP:ЌrsTofqS{ ǠJ)t-EHtQEQEQE^/6"=jϓ4=c^?j55=E'ݠw<>?WzݣO<6~OBٯRSy)u=]fKOh ^ >'nh{iUgr:9vJvW.G~\`QSQ@((((((((((t injury. Addressing this subject is Mel Siff, Ph.D., an exercise scientist whose doctorate thesis examined the biomechanics of soft tissues. <br> It has never been shown scientifically or clinically that the periodic impostion of large forces by weight training on the growing body causes damage to the epiphysial plates, says Siff, in his book Facts and Fallacies of Fitness.  It is extremely misleading to focus on the alleged risks of weight training on children when biomechanical research shows that simple daily activities such as running, jumping, striking or catching can impose far greater forces on the musculoskeletal system than very heavy weight training. <br>To illustrate his point, Siff compared the stress of squatting with running.  Suppose that one child runs a few hundred meters a day in some sporting or recreational activities. This can easily involve several thousand foot strikes in which the reaction force imposed on the body can easily exceed 4 times bodyweight with every stride. Now let another child do a typical average weight training session with 3-5 sets of squats (say, with 10 reps, 8, 6 and 4 reps), with bodyweight or more for the last set. That bodyweight is divided between the two legs, so that, even taking acceleration into account, the loading per leg is bodyweight or a little more, while the spine is subjected to the full load on the bar. In other words, the legs and spine in controlled squatting are exposed to significantly less force than in running and jumping. Normally, exercises such as squatting will be done no more than twice a week for a total of about 60 repetitions, while the running child will run every day and subject the body to those many thousands of impulsive foot striks. <br> It does not require much scientific knowledge or computational genius to see that the cumulative loading imposed by simple running activities on the lower extremities and the spine is far greater than the cumulative load of two or three times a week of weight training. Does this now mean that we are justified in recommending that children not be allowed to run, jump, throw or catch because biomechanical research definitely shows that such activities can produce very large forces on many parts of the growing body? <br>It should be obvious then that there is nothing wrong with running and other normal activities of childhood, and therefore no reason to disallow activities of lesser impact, such as carefully structured programs of weight training.<br>Siff also notes that bone density scans have proven that youngsters who do competitive weightlifting (i.e., the snatch and the clean and jerk) have higher bone densities than children who do not use weights, and that clinical research has not shown any correlation between weight training and epiphysial damage. Further, an extensive Russian study on young athletes, published in a book entitled School of Height, concluded that heavy lifting tends to stimulate bone growth in young athletes rather than inhibit it.<br>Two possible reasons for the fear that weight training could stunt growth are that weightlifters tend to possess more muscle mass than other athletes and that smaller athletes are attracted to the sport. In gymnastics, the average height of elite athletes has steadily declined in the past several Olympics because shorter athletes tend to be more successful in this sport. But saying that weightlifting makes you shorter because many elite weightlifters are short would be like sayxplosive athlete. <BR>In additio