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He also found no side effects from the use of creatine. He examined hormone levels, blood profiles and muscle biopsies. Participants also filled out questionnaires regarding any side effects such as cramping, diarrhea, nausea. None were reported. Not only has Kraemer thoroughly examined creatine, he also used it when he was a competitive athlete as did his 17-year-old daughter when she played high school tennis and his 15-year-old son when he was weight lifting. Again, no adverse side affects. Creatine does have one well-documented side effect. It causes an increase in muscle mass. When taken as prescribed it has the capacity to increase body weight by as much as seven pounds in five days.<br>Are there any long term effects? The long term effect of creatine has never been studied. However, creatine has been used in the past and without incident. Athletes in the 1940s and 1950s used it until steroids became available. They switched to steroids because they got results much faster. The Eskimos ingest up to four grams of creatine per day through their high consumption of meat and fish, twice that of Americans, and, have not had any documented ill effects.<br>How much time is considered long term? Is it 5 years, 10 years, or 50 years? The FDA has been studying creatine since it exploded onto the sports scene in 1992. Dr. Mike Stone from Appalachian State University, a leader in the field of Muscle Physiology, has been studying athletes who have been taking creatine for as long as six years. To date, there are no reports of kidney, heart or liver problems.<br>Since there is no documented evidence that creatine is a health hazard, the benefits of accelerated muscle development using creatine, far outweigh at least one alternative - using anabolic steroids. For those concerned about sending the wrong message to young adults, consider this; it is a great service to young people to let them know there is a viable alternative to using anabolic steroids.<br><br>_______________________________________<br><br>Creatine is criticized <br>for the following<br><br>1. It could have been a cause in the death of three college wrestlers who died trying to  make weight. <br><br>2. It caused muscle cramping due to water retention and dehydration.<br><br>3. Creatine has an adverse effect on liver and kidney function.<br><br>4. It is lacking in long term research.<br><br>5. To a lesser degree of concern, creatine causes stomach upset, diarrhea and nausea.<br><br><br><br>th your throwers?<br>LJ: With heavier athletes, orthopedic injuries are always a concern, so wit our throwers we do mostly ground-level plyometrics. However, late in the season we do some box hops and depth jumps, but we're very controlled in the number of foot contacts and only perform these exercises twice a week <br><br>BFS: Have you tested Jeseca's and Kevin's vertical jumps?<br><br>LJ: Yes, Jesseca has a 26-inch vertical and can grab the basketball rim. Kevin has a 33-inch vertical and can dunk very easily.<br><br>BFS: Has the administration at Wyoming been supportive of the track program?<br><br>J: Our athletic director is Lee Moon, and he's really given us a lot of support. We've been able to upgrade our facility and our equipment, and all this has given Kevin and Jesseca the opportunities to accomplish what they have. Our athletes are able to travel to the meets and get he necessary national exposure.<br><br>BFS: With the WAC having expanded to 16 teams, how has this affected track and field?<br><br>LJ: The Rocky Mountain schools have always been traditionally good in the field events and the distance events because of the altitude, and the Texas schools have some of the best sprinters in the country. When you combine them you've got one of the toughest overall conferences in the country.<br><br>BFS: Are any of the WAC schools still recruiting elite-level track athlete