JFIFC    $ &%# #"(-90(*6+"#2D26;=@@@&0FKE>J9?@=C  =)#)==================================================" }!1AQa"q2#BR$3br %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz w!1AQaq"2B #3Rbr $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ?FZicwnldQ'?J='$Z҉y[Jnΰ$pI+vvw{tn@?ҹ \uhG1SWQ%niAflH!khٶ6JZu5K ,1ޤLh Bp8⦃— |jb' 5+[d>|vI =-ЪJk cKv1vFc z~4y8ycʠ4r2A!|€,y4䗑UsUl(AdOOz29 Y8(lDXHI #)pNsR! 0{tfhe*H#sX%` ϹZhWkl$aG~M|-I=jڵ쎧']6 kj0E*#104Kھj.ּ/HɎ6XWRXdkx|xwijFs6#r(ܳIoܞj{Ly94҃@#cZr*j'hb̒K26(c74m-IE)lњJ(_lFAV6wQ1\EʥHIFPҽڲ9˞ ^KMFΡ)#)xVXr .p:xMzIH=0kXwjzZaՐ(>mZT봱l~&?xR:[(XO͍zMvZZXBP}*XxySɆS1R񦌾ՓMFrsNj5^ IId~8_ ǠԔ zsVcPUGOzִ|ӡQ@Ӎ PKIEZ}>O FM-1O N!v31==vXE(+\89J{%F"|g5hwH$ >>]i՛8M5Z(7'%'ɮ}_hW#*q<@C}/|['̲dg@:Q`AGJmv2Z]dR1ϯQJ(VEWQcCLszQ@ҌM4f)=}iQEXA94^ieơ0򡑢CG ¯rMhKkeZ#?r}kz|[#cm^~U >kD =J`pjlTCƸ! :wבUO/noEKr>kcc#SOsXVשy<09Oa]@n!{{a s\>]kO/Oλ{<胢V#c=Vc'9S^vӡQKl?ΚJSI@Q@җU6LJ!ǧ]#H, p# =M-pdIt$/4ٺ41?1ŔvXΣ`p gFZSz 4oo5aF@Kr`B͕9eu> m~h~-uJc֥cm/cJ!(Rr8qp0X;1[drܚ9 6 [kl8C O&]^N?ieFBѷ]?o÷By.9hW!3NVI蹩Qg9WFb>!^M=89#ӥZl" o!6 FbaR?gCcfz1jI1c׊90I#eTPM^v eRI'dKPrH b 9D2ŸׯVg2c*`?+!1@Ոumu8q~PA=Tc==/Z`-T8Xpw6\+mG xJpT@) q*[u9foж$])HҀ0ZZD)k~0H*OkEm ]~U Osk1zcXmMB9R}+2[[8޽>+Z9hУ#vI=C8E9曡Z=wNB=cɠJޓN%8`8zR*m#Wmgj!cjqPaEcHyvo"'涧XʴjGҹNk[J}(/-JzY7y4P `AZ&ڔ[P^DfaGӱ,BCQn³'r({PGbz5xn0ّY rna1P+'ᵂK锛;!HcXEDQ82?Ywo,Teqd\]z2G!'sj'(dW\[D.uZC45#VmF_?N爭m,r# Ȫvڥ"Jq)-̔ʐgk ʌj~:,ƀ:ovFTv#Zmg",lT3]v}KK+Jwg+Y+!h:f!2CEYo]U>^ő[4걻T0N =*7GNGZ}F) 8z+"UF8ϭEeip)b# #xsiw}n+Jn 6ذ4w^lpc 1Oa+_NTGߒG+cLȒ =,56-zԎ_r\,Gdq8etea{Vvg$$@F=XAji:3#\CT Wǰ=mofXX:/oa6Voijd.}=ҧҴ糘U PBy,}})$,ĞI9='* Sjhmdp ӽC%W쁌H$DO8Yfnn8#$cP=^[9SM>|qK?c)UBgo\WK=fal1^hu)<:g#׵y #OZ:vZIV;8*N{bNs_?Drs^A7-fgs9.[9ms1Qs+&-I8#$w*kkQ Xt P(( 7)%nvkbO p1Sl7 '4?7͒EGgk, 㻻dU=qV,I8F~P0eCn>KHP[Ͱ!*e, y櫾mq6ǹ$Fx8s x_WnJf MyVHpr w{hg! >"mt{>pcVT,a? '5+{'##|mШݍBd*NE= {0KY!$ZmOWxmiV!9SZGmU-@@Q{k Z+ F;/ izee*7*ҽW0NSPfor creatine to cause dehydration. As common as cramping is, no one knows what causes it. There are theories but no hard evidence suggesting the cause.<br>One explanation is the "dehydration theory": Its premise is that not replacing the fluids lost through perspiration causes cramps. Theory number two is "an imbalance in electrolytes". If too much sodium is lost through perspiration, it causes an imbalance with potassium resulting in cramping. The "environmental theory" states that exercising in extreme heat or humidity can lead to an electrolyte imbalance already mentioned above. Again, there are many theories, but no documented evidence. So if we do not know what causes cramps, and, we know there is no physiological reason creatine can cause dehydration, we can dismiss the notion that creatine causes muscle cramps.<br>Does creatine affect the function of the liver and kidneys? This has been and is currently being studied by three well known and highly respected researchers, Dr. Bill Kraemer, Dr. Rick Kreider, and Mr. Mike Stone to date, no undesirable side effects have been found. Kreider studied the effects of creatine on college football players and reported "no impact on tests of liver or kidney function." Kraemer examined active college students at Penn State after a heavy work out. He also found no side effects from the use of creatine. He examined hormone levels, blood profiles and muscle biopsies. Participants also filled out questionnaires regarding any side effects such as cramping, diarrhea, nausea. None were reported. Not only has Kraemer thoroughly examined creatine, he also used it when he was a competitive athlete as did his 17-year-old daughter when she played high school tennis and his 15-year-old son when he was weight lifting. Again, no adverse side affects. Creatine does have one well-documented side effect. It causes an increase in muscle mass. When taken as prescribed it has the capacity to increase body weight by as much as seven pounds in five days.<br>Are there any long term effects? The long term effect of creatine has never been studied. However, creatine has been used in the past and without incident. Athletes in the 1940s and 1950s used it until steroids became available. They switched to steroids because they got results much faster. The Eskimos ingest up to four grams of creatine per day through their high consumption of meat and fish, twice that of Americans, and, have not had any documented ill effects.<br>How much time is considered long term? Is it 5 years, 10 years, or 50 years? The FDA has been studying creatine since it exploded onto the sports scene in 1992. Dr. M