JFIFC    $ &%# #"(-90(*6+"#2D26;=@@@&0FKE>J9?@=C  =)#)==================================================b" }!1AQa"q2#BR$3br %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz w!1AQaq"2B #3Rbr $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ?HMr!P3q*8o/&HZ9 #20G5xTgAZ_gS+-ܿm޸9(Kl2q89_-?''s$~\]6/ku6 O}+xwMͧڶqJttcYfEFM=֟~څe8۞Za:tΖPʹLJwCʶVQdr \ҙפ:)@1\y?HYKe2 _v>owbskvV) 2{k-ཞ%ӭbgjkA4Ɔ^^y,vFF)o`RչQ~kxm_1Q 65IX&BJἹpz;Zy^%.9(  ֕ľI.rVg^ig)#d<;үjHllF8Jp(# _nep]p~NρnE$Hd=.^dPiypS'3ӌ-@2܈weo5H"y吰P~g{nT3+KIӽ5q!rrmf(t8uqu?R t4'piȍ"ǸMWPi#Wq,vE !éaSgW4QaQ3тX}+o\wnkk^o6ߵ#OazQ{Z3|%62'|}&6ҹU2?z淡^ivrýrv \]jNJK#3Ӓk89_SZLk +T)`J/n42\E<, 3޽In!Z0v95y4Zw$L ڝ? IX#y__n. *4%G`ao~QT;eO`Wҭ'q)GOM7s]φDu(rχ]c̶Ua[Uދu8ϥ9e`NIe6s'hcwEgUnt7^'.SֽWHx;W |lc4Cޑm.2Z+ӈNMUyytf%&}@nW0U[ybd!=(OK49?+\Ezeͭ\+l *1{qY:gSktdݔ8kofrW SP c{s]?nlȧdrrfGHGC7 2ܼD.ݪhKB[:%9Z&U W1Vc2 'Yʊy~2y1Ƭb XMo"!L01O/jXrfoZmW6N7FKu$qsoKKKh#W ;RkBƑ8MҸ&Vt;uK>m#%,}ā5i<-X궍{Rt+ifs`k>OEŭF8QOXwFjcÓ_[y-z7_p fqa1@5->2<@.L+rd x^Xj\O%3=z\*YpOA(ݛw׶ urҿ*QpkoDlH#}ʳ !M:hehG搹E9]H!WKew5ƭk,X;ʕΚ :Ok>$nR|հj7=W)ʲdB# V%mcj({HrMM jKC6ӼXE[u!w9 ӠyhMA-Ąn^zqk3ŠsA 6xj": H"NBҾG4un8D?UPsX/yYLX Sv=+zMc+[1[=>cV_l U΢RIŽ:ݒN=GZҹbıIW-i(#EP#ق m('̤ 5Y\ƚ8R]G2;U#RHS$ agR1#핀gyh8l ֖e,e Ä\]KZ&c}!0ʬբt_ʙoxwN47W\Ʋ?ܐ~_ʯ$kYЖyſTC1}ljn >[H?Zx'4}y*@ևUޤVhI8RRD\7MM"1{eU~uؗ}zތ@z)=t(i~{xO9bH* A4Ur6cN=>m,ŽUYq4sU XJ:p(F }7`O=))zRJ֑zjC'g17v8;Tg.I8ɩgN N{89_vX o!t;:YJ# \r jix&'OkoVĖgE&G`~'zVrkLYt5j=jņEtY>IMVͰ$XK~(Ok?5 MBg`8wºn}zn6e ̬v ^G`%'u%joZxCD}6*zyi MR퉧A2 p2:z CI\,2d¼YXHJJ)2~UMCKlu `c"msV֣% S:$sXgl{ qYw:syrM=9OR6"o/RHBQB tQq<]{[ArC!8wf2RG4j0н P2Ec}( SK*$`9QE1>})Q@ :}L{}iSicŠ*X!G}[QAQ'+>n?Ί)GsCkB}ާ ۏ Tc/?S QEDcton. An official investigation led to the discovery that the high school athletes of Veronia School District participated in the use of illegal drugs. School officials were concerned that drug use increased the risk of sports related injury. The school district adopted a student athlete drug testing policy which authorized random urinalysis drug testing of its student athletes. James Acton, a student, was denied participation in his high school football program when he and his parents refused to consent to the testing.<br><br>The constitutional question was:  Does random drug testing of high school athletes violate the reasonable search and seizure clause of the Fourth Amendment? The conclusion by the court was that it did not violate these rights. In the case of high school athletes, under the state s supervision, during school hours, they are subject to greater control than other free adults. The privacy interests comprised by urine samples are negligible since the conditions of collection are similar to public restrooms, and the results are viewed by limited authorities. The court also stated that governmental concern over the safety of minors, under their supervision, overrides intrusion of the student-<br>athlete s privacy.<br>This case answers the question about drug testing student-athletes, but the question of testing the total school population is still open to the court.<br><br>