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Kraemer examined active college students at Penn State after a heavy work out. He also found no side effects from the use of creatine. He examined hormone levels, blood profiles and muscle biopsies. Participants also filled out questionnaires regarding any side effects such as cramping, diarrhea, nausea. None were reported. Not only has Kraemer thoroughly examined creatine, he also used it when he was a competitive athlete as did his 17-year-old daughter when she played high school tennis and his 15-year-old son when he was weight lifting. Again, no adverse side affects. Creatine does have one well-documented side effect. It causes an increase in muscle mass. When taken as prescribed it has the capacity to increase body weight by as much as seven pounds in five days.<br>Are there any long term effects? The long term effect of creatine has never been studied. However, creatine has been used in the past and without incident. Athletes in the 1940s and 1950s used it until steroids became available. They switched to steroids because they got results much faster. The Eskimos ingest up to four grams of creatine per day through their high consumption of meat and fish, twice that of Americans, and, have not had any documented ill effects.<br>How much time is considered long term? Is it 5 years, 10 years, or 50 years? The FDA has been studying creatine since it exploded onto the sports scene in 1992. Dr. Mike Stone from Appalachian State University, a leader in the field of Muscle Physiology, has been studying athletes who have been taking creatine for as long as six years. To date, there are no reports of kidney, heart or liver problems.<br>Since there is no documented evidence that creatine is a health hazard, the benefits of accelerated muscle development using creatine, far outweigh at least one alternative - using anabolic steroids. For those concerned about sending the wrong message to young adults, consider this; it is a great service to young people to let them know there is a viable alternative to using anabolic steroids.<br><br>_______________________________________<br><br>Creatine is criticized <br>for the following<br><br>1. It could have been a cause in the death of three college wrestlers who died trying to  make weight. <br><br>2. It caused muscle cramping due to water retention and dehydration.<br><br>3. Creatine has an adverse effect on liver and kidney function.<br><br>4. It is lacking in long term research.<br><br>5. To a lesser degree of concern, creatine causes stomach upset, diarrhea and nausea.<br><br><br><br>all how do you respond to that argument?<br><br>JS: When I recruit I emphasis that, by and large, it s four years of football and then it s over. And when those four years are over, you d better have a degree because the likelihood of going on to play professionally is very remote. Besides, if you re good enough, even at this level, the pros will know about it. <br><br>BFS: Is it true that at a smaller school players have the advantage of getting more playing time to perfect their football skills?<br><br>JS: The opportunity to play is greater here. Of course, when I first started, I could say very honestly to a recruit that he could come in and play a lot of football his first year. But, now that we have veterans around, most guys still have to sit out a year in order to get on the field.<br><br>BFS: Do you  red shirt players?<br><br>JS: We don t use the term  red shirt in Division 3. In the other divisions, once you start your football career you have five years to play four; in Division 3 you have ten semesters to play four years. An athlete could come to our school for one semester, go into the Army for four years, then come back to school and still have nine semesters left to play four years.<br><br>BFS: Tell us about your f