JFIFC    $ &%# #"(-90(*6+"#2D26;=@@@&0FKE>J9?@=C  =)#)==================================================" }!1AQa"q2#BR$3br %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz w!1AQaq"2B #3Rbr $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ?jilRIDsy&8d_Fzh|eyoq\ ufG{GO&\/Ö7^mBCpҩS)9M58=D2xx>8qӭUV‚Or}!.{na#1Oz?iyM(bn VI+[t*қ$lduq犓Qk 9'RSɮ?RIHﲎRb/TKv=S~Z{?1gs[/+j#݀8*Y,Kt'5xOG+ֶqٟz|:b6m T='s6!uVRq`J]OXjQ4n1 bJiQ].Lq,R'EA%6I4M&ӓ\u̅~&j:.w?Һ8Mjp\?,F1譁^-jm#Po1Ws^gh|ꩀ䞸B n POL4 -X qXm-tx&nz([]Xָe7,oN/QPęs޶.7]EQ*$fJ^ZBl8OZw$K ƶ۞MYnWcRQӕ=jČ Uַ|f_J`Ϊ/̫gh)└џZɊmӣFM;C1}/!d֊ԋ#3II8,CtԖqDH>tjZr+d {?VKwk4D"  ~΢w)ɓ\)"&8a;i(rÀ0Eu3#2Ff8oZo}\pNl%p+Y+6.IICT7_ַu(Ǧܑ,nۏ_|6M nonҼ2{Ү\Xqk%M>}Mohoiw.7xoR3Stb.D&" r~jih @ C3-g7u;O G/)6[[]b/ulM^:bQ3TPbSTK~|vkRV|1{my sU(OPMkk5XQU[1nux㹌Zr~r]w!83Z"w3mbHۭV[h%҉;mx_}?ok:ڛ@Ms8{Ʃnva8f6-#$|xPJԟrǜ@y ' ol xtͽ)gI&{nmZ䖻s2KeK}14ҿQsN)1?#p;S)09Y- i+A-m޲d`h>E9sT @VZͲ8k&^ʟ+;S率x}J越ذ RNIGZܰޣ1g{Ŵ^<;SxXI"Idn`_uuAZy~EdbA їQ8S^F#,{g ۆt¤yf3JO&Er'a.=H̎IK򲆒0|՟ BInAVqf|pK6-;Ñs].5.>{dPG8UZV2 *vQCis4,x逤r2Gjv/#O-vܶrO8nW`2kk'$pDc&b!F*ƫ[\`IR=]=b۹vV=cO 93벼"f{;YV׸hq 'T}D;.+żȮedQDk-ț ;N@ &]@ń9Vc+;Vn0~k . HQ8\Ҝwl.?(O 𥿼[8i%aAᕣ.W?.E3Nh!N}~Q^s KĚ\(F[vh1+yp LKqmTt<*_g8m4u1 g'rZǁ> (簾pg])^׊` pccphݚa[-˜&P*82dRq9 X0w[%b <1y4Z(%$l +KSFWcp$WQXl:  2''48 ;;ztn5/$.F!5x9#]6dDo8ĩ(s qULݿ'Wg}HtVj)Hܑz-kw/Mɜd+Gxcwl ;v:*ȹ݈gRr2JLk\׵ry#ަixQڌOfG J3m=NQ%hHrZL4?lǡ_K*',NU*H c`x>1&i܌d'}jͼ1" 9"9 }O޵ͤ bhu5e9vdoFt9'{WC$Yv-c!\βh '5|L~UIF~?5w\YTO y0" F"DH#)k(\˚!j?HE#TrQ#BZgg_ľ ;6IyŅ"ǔGHjϨxZKG$ yW7Ӄ[9y[oԩe鴹ԕLR ƪG:01\gvvrJp~;kgs0V:X_K2IIVǥgM}d7 8-q/d?NzBwGh].ăDe2kҘ6nxϖ]k$)"*|(⥬5"OPx>xXEȌ!^v~ ԥBjO7$%=zN*$mYOhKؖq_5m6Mkk8QJR9b7ڍq>jӕ[mly;qjʷEFG + |@g3Gk*Œ1;]Տ$boc>'Й#ŤK;$^8?tW/}|4u@Id'nIĒ.Oiq+,8U4Mឲ>~aEs ǯ1+r?墐N$+"Ҵ5de]t٤8Tobޟ{7̑"|NG^ED~vQ[Sf=gAATFz{J4JcZk]I>c RZqM2GJ~L5_U ڗ:NI4Q4y$r? J-*Z#Y89ü ;ַXhm!F~RҴH٠XYgl?HNm0X;Ky_qy^Hl H1ů q;1X/]&}F{ۨ!s}'R۱[yq?rz+h!(?#Frwvd t[GkQtogl]אϩjynHi}h73Ծ.JJv?ơ]5=9&&%Y~=׽rivn\ wWkrxGBlcN7D#N|ԛ6qX=rp{ T7q[Cw=eH$`:\\^KXBq2: #*J-o^B:y :1Ve1V21Lێ S&e<"bKkɣܬ7H떏Xr͂IgnK{q\)CМ 4QLR) )sB(4K*9h[㯵d(QE bvE cphXEPy or clinically that the periodic impostion of large forces by weight training on the growing body causes damage to the epiphysial plates, says Siff, in his book Facts and Fallacies of Fitness.  It is extremely misleading to focus on the alleged risks of weight training on children when biomechanical research shows that simple daily activities such as running, jumping, striking or catching can impose far greater forces on the musculoskeletal system than very heavy weight training. <br>To illustrate his point, Siff compared the stress of squatting with running.  Suppose that one child runs a few hundred meters a day in some sporting or recreational activities. This can easily involve several thousand foot strikes in which the reaction force imposed on the body can easily exceed 4 times bodyweight with every stride. Now let another child do a typical average weight training session with 3-5 sets of squats (say, with 10 reps, 8, 6 and 4 reps), with bodyweight or more forthe last set. That bodyweight is divided between the two legs, so that, even taking acceleration into account, the loading per leg is bodyweight or a little more, while the spine is subjected to the full load on the bar. In othe words, the legs and spine in controlled squatting are exposed to significantly less force than in running and jumping. Normally, exercises such as squatting will be done no more than twice a week for a total of about 60 repetitions, while the running child will run every day and subject the body to those many thousands of impulsive foot striks. <br> It does not require much scientific knowledge or computational genius to see that the cumulative loading imposed by simple running activities on the lower extremties and the spine is far greater than the cumulative load of two or three times a week of weight training. Does this now mean that we are justified in recommending that children not be allowed to run, jump, throw or catch because biomechanical research definitely shows that such activities can produce very large forces on many parts of th growing body? <br>It should be obvious then that there is nothing wrong with running and other normal activities of childhood, and therefore no reason to disallow activities of lesser impact, such as carefully structured programs of weight training.<br>Siff also notes that bone density scans have proven that youngsters who do competitive weightlifting (i.e., the snatch and the clean and jerk) have higher bone densities than children who do not use weights, and that clinical research has not shown any correlation between weight training and epiphysial damage. Further, an extensive Russian study on young athletes, published in a book entitled School of Height, concluded that heavy lifting tends to stimulate bone growth in young athletes rather than inhibit it.<br>Two possible reasons for the fear that weight training could stunt growth are that weightlifters tend to possess more muscle mass than other athletes and tht smaller athletes are attracted to the sport. In gymnastics, the average height of elite athletes has steadily declined in the past sevral Olympics because shorter athletes tend to be more successful in this sport. But saying that weightlifting makes you shorter because many elite weightlifters are short would be like sayxplosive athlete. <BR>In additio to adding resistance to squats and bench presses, chains are useful in quick lifts such as cleans, snatches and evenjerks. One strong advocate of using chains for the quick lifts is Doug Briggs, a faculty member at New Mexico State University and president of the American Weightlifting Association. The idea to use chains occurred to him in May of 2002 when his te