JFIFC    $ &%# #"(-90(*6+"#2D26;=@@@&0FKE>J9?@=C  =)#)==================================================" }!1AQa"q2#BR$3br %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz w!1AQaq"2B #3Rbr $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ?jilRIDsy&8d_Fzh|eyoq\ ufG{GO&\/Ö7^mBCpҩS)9M58=D2xx>8qӭUV‚Or}!.{na#1Oz?iyM(bn VI+[t*қ$lduq犓Qk 9'RSɮ?RIHﲎRb/TKv=S~Z{?1gs[/+j#݀8*Y,Kt'5xOG+ֶqٟz|:b6m T='s6!uVRq`J]OXjQ4n1 bJiQ].Lq,R'EA%6I4M&ӓ\u̅~&j:.w?Һ8Mjp\?,F1譁^-jm#Po1Ws^gh|ꩀ䞸B n POL4 -X qXm-tx&nz([]Xָe7,oN/QPęs޶.7]EQ*$fJ^ZBl8OZw$K ƶ۞MYnWcRQӕ=jČ Uַ|f_J`Ϊ/̫gh)└џZɊmӣFM;C1}/!d֊ԋ#3II8,CtԖqDH>tjZr+d {?VKwk4D"  ~΢w)ɓ\)"&8a;i(rÀ0Eu3#2Ff8oZo}\pNl%p+Y+6.IICT7_ַu(Ǧܑ,nۏ_|6M nonҼ2{Ү\Xqk%M>}Mohoiw.7xoR3Stb.D&" r~jih @ C3-g7u;O G/)6[[]b/ulM^:bQ3TPbSTK~|vkRV|1{my sU(OPMkk5XQU[1nux㹌Zr~r]w!83Z"w3mbHۭV[h%҉;mx_}?ok:ڛ@Ms8{Ʃnva8f6-#$|xPJԟrǜ@y ' ol xtͽ)gI&{nmZ䖻s2KeK}14ҿQsN)1?#p;S)09Y- i+A-m޲d`h>E9sT @VZͲ8k&^ʟ+;S率x}J越ذ RNIGZܰޣ1g{Ŵ^<;SxXI"Idn`_uuAZy~EdbA їQ8S^F#,{g ۆt¤yf3JO&Er'a.=H̎IK򲆒0|՟ BInAVqf|pK6-;Ñs].5.>{dPG8UZV2 *vQCis4,x逤r2Gjv/#O-vܶrO8nW`2kk'$pDc&b!F*ƫ[\`IR=]=b۹vV=cO 93벼"f{;YV׸hq 'T}D;.+żȮedQDk-ț ;N@ &]@ń9Vc+;Vn0~k . HQ8\Ҝwl.?(O 𥿼[8i%aAᕣ.W?.E3Nh!N}~Q^s KĚ\(F[vh1+yp LKqmTt<*_g8m4u1 g'rZǁ> (簾pg])^׊` pccphݚa[-˜&P*82dRq9 X0w[%b <1y4Z(%$l +KSFWcp$WQXl:  2''48 ;;ztn5/$.F!5x9#]6dDo8ĩ(s qULݿ'Wg}HtVj)Hܑz-kw/Mɜd+Gxcwl ;v:*ȹ݈gRr2JLk\׵ry#ަixQڌOfG J3m=NQ%hHrZL4?lǡ_K*',NU*H c`x>1&i܌d'}jͼ1" 9"9 }O޵ͤ bhu5e9vdoFt9'{WC$Yv-c!\βh '5|L~UIF~?5w\YTO y0" F"DH#)k(\˚!j?HE#TrQ#BZgg_ľ ;6IyŅ"ǔGHjϨxZKG$ yW7Ӄ[9y[oԩe鴹ԕLR ƪG:01\gvvrJp~;kgs0V:X_K2IIVǥgM}d7 8-q/d?NzBwGh].ăDe2kҘ6nxϖ]k$)"*|(⥬5"OPx>xXEȌ!^v~ ԥBjO7$%=zN*$mYOhKؖq_5m6Mkk8QJR9b7ڍq>jӕ[mly;qjʷEFG + |@g3Gk*Œ1;]Տ$boc>'Й#ŤK;$^8?tW/}|4u@Id'nIĒ.Oiq+,8U4Mឲ>~aEs ǯ1+r?墐N$+"Ҵ5de]t٤8Tobޟ{7̑"|NG^ED~vQ[Sf=gAATFz{J4JcZk]I>c RZqM2GJ~L5_U ڗ:NI4Q4y$r? J-*Z#Y89ü ;ַXhm!F~RҴH٠XYgl?HNm0X;Ky_qy^Hl H1ů q;1X/]&}F{ۨ!s}'R۱[yq?rz+h!(?#Frwvd t[GkQtogl]אϩjynHi}h73Ծ.JJv?ơ]5=9&&%Y~=׽rivn\ wWkrxGBlcN7D#N|ԛ6qX=rp{ T7q[Cw=eH$`:\\^KXBq2: #*J-o^B:y :1Ve1V21Lێ S&e<"bKkɣܬ7H떏Xr͂IgnK{q\)CМ 4QLR) )sB(4K*9h[㯵d(QE bvE cphXEPـ<7*A$,7%g}hgԈ6E<20ASͳ1`Rj>}W{TE&1j Uvg{2ɷlcxmΛ#X-؃h0fxU,V~|@"Cik <"vn 4llȏ$GiA{qsZ@E2<|֞vq,b01LK瓴.F['ۑY!n*vV_ tD:fgs1b{|+;YTXvc(6mu8wav梸a][B`,­z8DkIJIO)XTLNdeb0TVdvVƋq@d RσR@ʐz ^75 !H`$l9lƆ}O5:pi&de 9R[W8rjH1׸۬C #kG-M2kȼ)e1Yi#ɐH'U)̟l,~̣3(A eoolJ[73J<6)?s池K*qZ~&\܏ wZjiڋص&VV" <}AcEK 53M۹5ܡQ$d鰱E{#ͻ+ud ~B6ڇnY'CuTBMΉu YڶI$2j;?ZWg`EkvbQlWMqqSPi xVrܰsgQHh˂(7?IIb}doP.[/{'Cc Y C)F d{tEwfh/&P23mYh(V2mw=~Sf_KYg{O4QJMnsV}ul3u'&*osTgFH-Z(G`U/3V|-!Q p`g¥YB0_ʥhn=>&G zG K;/$~wv'.p;'r>5m:;y5Kщǁ"V7lzzv\)9U#gd<[Gx?L/ekifAW.N"*z/WkķIa|liN Zpz)9ͤ!2e ?@*B9"]Jy%:})ߚ7 *fd(_E5BK #>sp"4K9Ǖ`>⛝Xj]rژgcz4ߴl`}+ÿƹrpz) yhzsJZ5,Ci A]T؃Z5s#Y(TI5)Tm$~4dö(mH ' `SY z8⧊4E HH_'zVJ/:t5zʯn56) ` > v\qQ#)1cD\jo@F=ETSJsY[C**xҫJ06P@FuՔQYdzWf9FA*Ɠa%곞+(@ i7deٹec@$0׵uZd +e`GR"jmtYɴ1SU w#"Cʱ+=Y'!r)Eyɹ6؎Yr>誷0ː~W+Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@and nail it to a carpenter s bench. I then placed it in front of my power rack and hooked my ankles underneath my barbell so that I wouldn t tip over. <br>Because the car seat Charniga used was padded and had a much sharper curve than the pommel horses the Russians were using, he noticed something unusual.  I noticed that when I did the exercise, the curved surface of the car seat helped me flex my knees more so that I could get a greater range of motion. Although you can t directly attribute all his lifting success to one exercise, it should be noted that in 1974 after Charniga began performing the exercise, he snatched 352 pounds, only 5 pounds off the American record in his bodyweight division.<br>In 1979 Charniga visited Russia and found that every gym he looked in had a glute-ham station, and that the exercise was an integral part of the training of Russian weightlifters. He saw that weightlifters would often perform some variation of the exercise twice in a workout, once before the workout with light weights as a warm-up, and again at the end of the workout with heavy weights as a strengthening exercise. This sensible practice was also followed in the U.S. In fact, five-time national weightlifting champion Ken Clark, whose picture appears in the BFS Total Program Book, began every workout with several sets of back extension exercises. In 1983, at a body weight of 220 pounds, Clar clean and jerked 470 pounds, an American record that has yet to be equaled.<br>While in Russia, Charniga noticed that not much had changed in regard to how the exercise was performed since that first Strength and Health article, with the exception that some gyms had positioned sraps to secure the feet.  They simply idn t have access to materials, or the budget, to have someone make a sophisticated glute-ham developer for them. When Charniga returned to the U.S. and told others of his findings and his success with the exercise hmself, resourceful equipment manufacturers began experimenting with desi