JFIFC    $ &%# #"(-90(*6+"#2D26;=@@@&0FKE>J9?@=C  =)#)==================================================" }!1AQa"q2#BR$3br %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz w!1AQaq"2B #3Rbr $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ?*B[?JU vTo"mUQ9›4>GU"Hj0u\ߝgΙ7M1gS֩AR8拡r'Ҙa>[T2ҚmϥjjB2})EO" ҁiRX (4vgZduLu5Ê40n5{l+xle{ڳd@ⵊV2wLem"\S*̞M~椘HJ uec+啎Mrzïv毘ڝǥfJʹh% huxs^jvlTk($N*=J-EX'ӽ^7gYlz|> %}Ba.(%9!iyݑ Nq0jyډ*rX¹y&ۉc=C.p=ǥ%ŴsyMɌ\)st ~Y%C3׭s(p7$=EeZx,-V_̣KHA|w))qx+kQ5*s֙(=+ӼC-;# \n>K۔ufx[l``u;U;ך= 5: -s?<\l^+Q„cHNOPI5tiy⊙fb֫.o@5W =knMe2zyꕔVwӇٙ~~SiQAZ9;(wbHȬ]GI:.#2>PePkѣF2i`RGB{\eљJ6->EhHWsG$~\O!#U\μ2|q֩Q^5UW% r?#*$yHPfF 9ڪ]cB#u 2V6mwb ++\FC0;cPqԒ+]>Nn?vr3ڒUfj K)XGPr$z|5Ŵ1Gqh.t"Qn16nZ`T9a= v-.j5]Negz5Px^Sg֞e.v־ۥP: `FItټRz3G:?T%l9\EwvjWڛ{P qW=%ʎ+JʢteiXc_`մ'Z^6[TV[XC5V*QM"du$vNPAFM6t1rzf<"ظg8'oYɌ ~3E4DZf@8r1!xKr1WwB>7d*+j:w.~04R/7O8+&6T@$&5B@'zܷJd{( di=Ws4xҮQt-S0Ww4x~D [y E ʮ:@1&$Q;K5jIk&7*A֚ݥfie~G^MbW9$䞹hfznYЕC =UQ7ԯ:KLq׽Ikv|Ѝ޹t\3SIvjEhi $NP݊άEEXP%a+=.pr0JUK`W\[*!=y@r vO8=i>^7W:Iy֛>q溝RAkl6̱5cN8[bX7hGL??Ҟ Rd,]wYu2o%2A Wڡ=uNDQ}IVf$ !k|\}N}Mee2!w=i.EĀVUƠF:Ġtz@vrǥC)%sV!@}j(B*MuocJ(`sr> b'Ս@š*ҽCVK0^F. vW*-3ò\iwWnڃ=OZﱵ) J*G_VYH-n Fdvl:sXrK6rEqqj@$q#eSo+qi2Fi"|Đ~+JH$}k/L|vd9@vWF}Npт?+-d(Ԛƍ@bE\ll Syy#SMrH׷E qW-l㡪vGnCEytwKcA4S]y+Z{ZYﺉֺ6OV-Z˟q7$lVD. O2%`汥9:+Faܼ)N=A=Lv-,mɑI n'=+Q5kY:g]GR%S^yEEA-.v]@ݘaKF\%w3i5y 2p$Iaxcixi$YQ}kF*i>MݛG=eZ۪+xktXgvsZ[[1&{A1++)lp okKmuyrȃ'qUn/bA+]G@jIܤXFm-cpF>%{_#mD6zC'*N@<'e_*:V {PoZՔS-yWCz^Sk2RxTN0zjU::ęAKFur$$zjf~Ru\rmpF~c*^&Sqt塿j.(ѓ{Vr1Mr1[ R"و%fStLq\Ʋ8,3|zq\ECEq{Tkc:rwԈ.j+қ56إX+L|Xi<:%S&]e41Gݽ$򜳶~ҭ-|!#SLSЋm 1uT:h˚S@l2?_5-׼xC^>W+ 1+1FF7U?BiXӠX^ha_4 Kt8Yi^*^7 {c6kyank!o鯾"v{z 1ߐT8?#VzO/u5i#aPlҟx|OyH+ OAޘ~V8?J3Sț+Dz-$pHHj|6A<.O|y9+1}t(FYlOPO4fè1sK4S3E|BɚVE(J)A\'?ʻZ~%Ǎv``yk>X5宵1KG * Goc\7U׽%tfQтfG$z,-|ym>h2~*,a9HI91y~B&[yfKF'wos^CR@z[|GCy$d(F$g_ZJ;Ȁ ƚ#nTMפR~ua,䡦h%qPg危D%'l+pI<ڹḎ"^'ۖ*qvԸ8Y?Y>C(@)V\4w!ҼL#YWd,`!o̼``7;O2/ O>M^ȣLי5d-sһnc"k4-^{;Ke@I'Ӿ)mqGlzpVEF >(ȁDoes creatine affect the function of the liver and kidneys? This has been and is currently being studied by three well known and highly respected researchers, Dr. Bill Kraemer, Dr. Rick Kreider, and Mr. Mike Stone to date, no undesirable side effects have been found. Kreider studied the effects of creatine on college football players and reported "no impact on tests of liver or kidney function." Kraemer examined active college students at Penn State after a heavy work out. He also found no side effects from the use of creatine. He examined hormone levels, blood profiles and muscle biopsies. Participants also filled out questionnaires regarding any side effects such as cramping, diarrhea, nausea. None were reported. Not only has Kraemer thoroughly examined creatine, he also used it when he was a competitive athlete as did his 17-year-old daughter when she played high school tennis and his 15-year-old son when he was weight lifting. Again, no adverse side affects. Creatine does have one well-documented side effect. It causes an increase in muscle mass. When taken as prescribed it has the capacity to increase body weight by as much as seven pounds in five days.<br>Are there any long term effects? The long term effect of creatine has never been studied. However, creatine has been used in the past and without incident. Athletes in the 1940s and 1950s used it until steroids became available. They switched to steroids because they got results much faster. The Eskimos ingest up to four grams of creatine per day through their high consumption of meat and fish, twice that of Americans, and, have not had any documented ill effects.<br>How much time is considered long term? Is it 5 years, 10 years, or 50 years? The FDA has been studying creatine since it exploded onto the sports scene in 1992. Dr. Mike Stone from Appalachian State University, a leader in the field of Muscle Physiology, has been studying athletes who have been taking creatine for as long as s