JFIFC    $ &%# #"(-90(*6+"#2D26;=@@@&0FKE>J9?@=C  =)#)==================================================m" }!1AQa"q2#BR$3br %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz w!1AQaq"2B #3Rbr $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ?aӭZIFUj diu>;d[I5 vI̦r!s5)ѯB?:`lԱu5OZLN֩""~u2в6@N^QRsؼ#]1=&-ڷg>iZju : ?ֳg+!ÂF5ϧce:-K16ǻiZZ'R @\dqWv ¶҅ʅRN)nL$}NGS42ɹ6F"θլ(%C {Vc߬AnfB{{S!=ɋiJ8#4TwvSpvgT.I=Mmp3Z̽43VlPs]:u&S>2F+&o5H"#<b趴)HC.GE[U6p< i}Z\ݕ!SOR["@²$P$m"xӧJҐ<spH J"ԭKpS9c׎)-%H[?N*fQik#X#cs4FCŔyGJK!i{,ʪT:}xkK5 J̱ ȱ!o֜}e, [DB99fW25ymIŒH 1U*f8rIHK.9SYTkt: !YA +5RI ]hshV_.A ޸ c:e]$zvݬ%0WxWJҮgg$P%! 9Ҹi76vSwf>G3M&s̶ n2#<{Vhݜ2C` U'{;sk`InL]{c9˩xS64 K{3"ᗍmyH 0>yJd,H>^@bTpsR/]T885WUmě ڻ,MRVTtY5变@ rJD4v*Zb)EG6̊䃎 M#I1vvMVD3WISHsl~J^Ams,[pPJNxR;h`jZ) YJGThж5m0AlTf^6'~iq#S@ bWߞ{ ۮ7 1M= FTy&eW 25 q LT`MҪ*:cүXyC̎!qNz]xiPmOC,G.=gos֞_mŝc5kKƌ!~5z}U2zt)~2UWws<[KeՂ+jN8koy{sKR_~On0F]S&N#շPCr"_r5h Cp_W-u4\aǦ+6O5HEc8RzRLkE/u+x¾z dBe 0g5~!  Me,QSjn< B\X+zHsՖ|Y.Iҡ3*HS}I櫶,k9G\W,l JqOR*V*CK\8ıU9.̄8Hiwצ==NM)$,I8YB4SɔؙtC%͔ULu-r(tKMG4hmƥ3)RzVD3u0 oDZtltʜ} ߩ LsU5BDr)O^zիtF#яWHFIB? ihC-a+4hs"Ł$~4(RR%ǭV啄Ȯ s4J0_k6fٯ f2{qT~]9=jh`oc$9%h/5zVj G:IJKZz=4ڶ F{˙y%gL9'KRӚc \V;) 7"',P8:Ӎұf/G;A"Ë2rT#*|*9;6GWL9;( jHT|AV==EEWYB`T޵@FZؖۤ`QsQdeYrqjulWZĻynci%l!QNR6q*rR诮5[O$?ΪDIBeסWJėMdTU"8ZhrwgGګko$'iȈmp2sP#jZDvYw1 HHEXZPP";Yb$n^+UY;O.u"E dki"i Gs)tu-V$x̌_Ɩx3Q767NhU2*m~/\O, N㞀WM?K%er, they have never examined this theory, nor is there any physiological rationale for creatine to cause dehydration. As common as cramping is, no one knows what causes it. There are theories but no hard evidence suggesting the cause.<br>One explanation is the "dehydration theory": Its premise is that not replacing the fluids lost trough perspiration causes cramps. Theory number two is "an imbalance in electrolytes". If too much sodium is lost through perspiration, it causes an imbalance with potassium resulting in cramping. The "environmental theory" states that exercising in extreme heat or humidity can lead to an electrolyte imbalance already mentioned above. Again, there are many theories, but no documented evidence. So if we do not know what causes cramps, and, we know there is no physiological reaso creatine can cause dehydration, we can dismiss the notion that creatine causes muscle cramps.<br>Does creatine affect the function of the liver and kidneys? This has been and is currently being studied by three well known and highly respected researchers, Dr. Bill Kraemer, Dr. Rick Kreider, and Mr. Mike Stone to date, no undesirable side effects have been found. Kreider studied the effects of creatine on college football players and reported "no impact on tests of liver or kidney function." Kraemer examined active college students at Penn State after a heavy work out. He also found no side effects from the use of creatine. He examined hormone levels, blood profiles and muscle biopsies. Participants also filled out questionnaires regarding any side effects such as cramping, diarrhea, nausea. None were reported. Not only has Kraemer thoroughly examined creatine, he also used it when he was a competitive athlete as did his 17-year-old daughter when she played high school tennis and his 15-year-old son when he was weight lifting. Again, no adverse side aff