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One former Mr. Universe and gym owner changed his Nautilus machines to use circular pulleys and found they worked much better. David, an exercise equipment company in Sweden, designed its machines to adjust to the curves displayed during higher repetitions. In a David leg extension, for example, there would be minimal resistance at the end of the exercise, exactly opposite of how the cam works on a Nautilus machine. Another refinement was isokinetic machines, which allow the athlete to perform exercises at one movement speed. With such machines, resistance is applied only when movement occurs, so that no work is being performed during the isometric (pause) and eccentric (lowering) portions of the exercise. This is a major problem.<BR>Research has shown that the eccentric portion of an exercise is the most effective type of muscular contraction for developing strength, and eccentric strength is important for developing the ability to control the forces that occur in sports, such as landing during a jump in volleyball or basketball.  Also, because these machines only allow for one movement speed and because acceleration is an important component to the development and maintenance of power, these machines would be detrimental to athletic performance, says Jerry Telle, a personal trainer from Littleton, Colorado, who has done extensive research on strength curves. <BR><BR>Explosive Advantages<BR><BR>Chains improve explosive strength. In squats, chain training will teach you to drive to the top of the lift because you cannot reduce force as you can with a regular barbell. After a few weeks of training athletes with chains, coaches often report not only increases in 1-maxes, but also more acceleration while lifting, which can translate into a more explosive athlete. <BR>In addition to adding resistance to squats and bench presses, chains are useful in quick lifts such as cleans, snatches and even jerks. One strong advocate of using chains for the quick lifts is Doug Briggs, a faculty member at New Mexico State University and president of the American Weightlifting Association. The idea to use chains occurred to him in May of 2002 when his team was training at Scott Warman s Pro-Gym in El Paso, Texas.  I was sitting on a bench looking at the chains hanging off of a bench press bar and the thought occurred to me that this might be something I could adapt to Olympic weightlifting, says Briggs.<BR>Brigg s first thought was how to adapt the chains so that they wouldn t get in the way of the feet or interfere with the lift. 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