JFIFC    $ &%# #"(-90(*6+"#2D26;=@@@&0FKE>J9?@=C  =)#)==================================================" }!1AQa"q2#BR$3br %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz w!1AQaq"2B #3Rbr $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ?[Iڦ2Uc8?7Oz@[c>l1+55!G V O2XѩZH9 7/b1dqUz.;i!b}G!xގZ3]Yr2~u#8b>w:hն?]dQNO9a\k|z xgvjĈ6,) Ẕ_7CjÀXM\ظ&Ð)l2jgv}u>3F=N*ӯ}gыN᠇zf̛GFpTrj#gTڪmrp;D5=) PI"kyӏY9;&lnzC=SB4UFqE2r1PIPϽK'4&vs؃TDB f#ʶz%A('f%_  жc9V"({vFiZ)**9p@0›88aq\{),tmg(1$TeAU$Sߝ4&)]$;tkSҥ_Ly_. 'sf/u!c*Gμn<dDzs^,$UT,>JdtyJh-aF>`5Ҥl)dqӷzw$lg)Bnj #q4؆ g^ԣjXc"8Lқ:jqRB$iCFB~e¦D(  $t`|,)}B\j+6u,G898#PB70GJaXs3dqLdbG)]&t=KpK:0گ9ТH'<{PrFx`Ҟ=֣@KCsC@Ir{PNA|aw@J6 '##JLHW V6'i7Yq '}*zb'1;rڦ$vpWں1ߏx!{pfˉuQnQF23o,c `ajqӠ][8d Ue^!#k{(㷛H#kxV,d(Aޠ3IrNUّەR Fi1 }i?vbDH9V824s4"YV =LO;gzibр0[қ*$1sH6A4I[)i v{T~2~khn RF pݩR qbnO2V9c>fP =*2ȿ#ޔFY*D#|EJVKIe};Sр|Ɂ2TE"?Aǥ4 U@7>PHT"{S44*qv0#(1zؽ*|DKĬ8"P;$E*,WێkCH4L 5ں4{.wɵnc}>o5K2Z(Ɛ xRxZǡ rhjonq\Ffݠ2B8 Ri@PmeYzCHK7LRji n>)GN*Sgk4,8V^0Gfe\0{T3RОn9Uwdsړv{S"'n dHᏭPO0;`8.B@?Oڙ$%Q͗ok7PL{faUywjҿG sZ-ȿ$9 gy_|w8JĊHHޞQX4vzVfp8ܽuWֺKž8^"gR TԝͩpV;(Bw>%4y yr>13 E 'WYaIkΛq 14h%J䓱b+rKFܳN1\='d>P_^BŦ sp"=W4ˢi9j9>9$cmM=2i%b]r&WRz"8}7d)%urmB`cE!PeIjHPGG#=Ƽ@= jβ"Vm݊v1^Ȭp02$c}G\-CU].FIp4=_RJDa׮\Iw9c'5iCl>-I~sSD5 \@ˎ x44-P;SGO#vRU 1HV54DJA9Q[Y5c2chpbv>O1kGv( ?>MaV.ڜzF]IJCB͇_]΅\ꨞ%GB=.\A;"PygȚv`c,#rO>AylkWVBHBʱrk&̬Ys<wfk*Eo @"$O)gȨiVB? WeynNy (F{`H~ud*~SzXbtr:1Nċ0QNl$< b~4R9`ydE2Hܒ` )?1S@rwXRelF>=M4 4>Eڹ YI3&KۖSvaH @~iaaM1rX#6C~^,R7L&?pMhcd ޤLd2A$Q֒(啰RHK E,ؑnb`x&WcNwL*fVm{m-QK)rۻU|?i $vIk&Ns~|G8U'dk(r-eF'֪\+pY@(8ZUh+tshNZhu`vbp8RacsYW7N==qP9= ލ8#8*WXsUdqN|.:D$*  qQ<7PZ0D GH$~YxC֦E\ dGx@Fs"K;R7Gj)bJRH^٠r%݋X?{]4Y!+ϲfvy]I5#q7`34ř߅]OdUOD]%?S%H SU<=`uiE(b ^MԊPpi$~? i5ۏ pp?0Vm#9'Rkٴ,,y7yQxW.K4!wvlpG+!8[ 5FjܕJ-7'9VQ$2GpEYTLB0T] Zz<[rci:GǸry6ҋKg"xlcfqi,w#W`lc4!"v3N8=֢iDW3#W%Ք MP1  qR":UU;)7\G f@ x©{Rb-ɟ:, tڊa%ܩ ­"з< drU?Z $*zEMNuVэ hPr;zi%ٺwqQM[? nˌs~bQ z"\VB?+s`qЊMõ(;AqUue>sM{ELtL1tcXfVEmhbmP֊2 FgrXӌ2c*;UE@(,*88;v4' 8ai8O40N#6)Zr)@lv9۩76W {gۓxZ)\`[9ݎaa)nZI18ǵ{_!3e G>9<;[E?+Gc^9j1fxQ7g8ײ,ZEܙ ;q^','7Llބڅě#"OAM.'e7FF3],W P ['ry(Ҟ%Sn~t"gVvPLzֱ3sp'$*DFGp:]û H8nbl[''O㊩<^e)g#`L؇N ~m,dqM-j)݉eTeXci+%,؞ OֶyLq\[9S8-S +=([zu7iO=@q 1u4s@{PN֬y>ԢGL sct L>>^)7|ÅLbdc& PT֞6 ",@yp0xMM7ylqIѠ O=j (yh[\tJj_0 3i- [#@qP6צ[ۊE'According to accentuation theory, there is little need for elite volleyball players to develop strength in the deep squat position because when they jump, their legs seldom bend beyond the level of a quarter squat. For a scientific consideration of squatting depth, a good source is Vladimir M. Zatsiorsky, a respected Russian sport scientist who served for 18 years as chair of the Department of Biomechanics at the Central Institute of Physical Culture in Moscow. He discusses the accentuation principle in detail in his textbook Science and Practice of Strength Training. <br>Zatsiorsky says that if an elite volleyball player were to perform lower body workouts that consisted of partial squats, full squats and leg presses, 60 percent of the total work performed should be with partial squats and only 25 percent with full squats. One reason is that the weight used in a full squat is considerably less than that used in a partial squat (or the BFS box squat), and as such the most important portion of the athlete s lower-body strength curve will not receive maximal overload. (Incidentlly, performing full-range exercises adheres to a workout strategy called peak-contraction training.)<br>Accentuation training is popular because it fulfills the requirements of exercise specificity. The principle of exercise specificity says exercises that have the most carryover to specific athletic activities share the same biomechanical properties as the activities the athlete seeks to improve. For example, because a power clean is basically a jump with weights, it would be a better exercise than a bench press for improving the vertical jump of a volleyball player. In fact, as I pointed out in my article  The Power of Giants in the Spring 2001 issue, shot putters who practice the power clean often have exceptional vertical jumps, even those athletes who weigh over 300 pounds. <br>Accentuation training is especially needed in such sports as figure skating, since the additional bodyweight developed from full squats could add extra muscle mass that would decrease jumping height (and, for some athletes, adversely affect the aesthetics of the performance, which greatly influence the athletes placement). Other athletes who may not want to develop additional muscle mass from emphasizing full squats are gymnasts, divers, high jumpers and even swimmers. <br>Let s examine the box squat in more detail by looking at the concept of starting strength.<br><br>Getting a Head Start on the Competition<br><br>First, it s time for some more definitions. During a concentric contraction a muscle develops tension and shortens, causing movement to occur. During an isometric contraction a muscle develops tension without a change in joint angle; thus no external movement occurs. And during an eccentric contraction, a muscle develops tension and lengthens, also causing movement to occur.<br>One factor that makes the box squat especially effective for sport-specific training is that the exercise requires the athlete to perform a concentric muscular contraction after a prolonged isometric muscular contraction. The effect of this on performance is that the pause (isometric) phase dissipates the stored energy (part of the plyometric effect) that develops during the lowering (eccentric) phase of the lift, energy that would otherwise be used to help during the lifting phase. <br>In powerlifting competition, research has shown that an extra second delay waiting for the judge s signal to press the weight off the chest in the bench press could result in a five-percent difference in the amount of weight lifted. This is one reason that although it has been allowed in competition to have spotters place the barbell on the chest to be