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Y|)pp\&9%N+m;JYWUEt&OSjx.A/ TPx^ݲJr\[Me'n$a֬>e8'Һm'l8G@8%bW)55a^ixXݴ`T_ʚLggL>:5z:^#P8=PXSxQw8ʀ 0,xN݁TP#EIE2E6::Iah^HĘJ;Tm̀D,XzqS{<+?(W,8Z-PβJyWNFݣy$[w=埅%FJ?t~έ"`}+4x-PsJQV>I(A]Pdm^*@|,P=*U=C+XrTٖU(X@!FEQEQEQEQEQE5:ͤ[*PvuE_ZZ(`$.lv/E\8qSE ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (?,BVxϥ.R@ra-pk3VD\ed.; ֗ A0lY\M;UsJpRX'gY^P^FXҳj⯕ 1^0 'J-7N`nuĎ^-՚}(iZ֌R|ϡp33h!iJķ3 k{Hd3Q?ƺ,yA?JwKk(7`zU k32o;j8bCq.)A;0~vGRNӰ\g6?AH.՘zӥ !tx8fK寥; %vhr:LE7hi"u*r Iaҁhu?=\٧j`$8vZ\v$Z2AB{G4օM3}AZKqÛT{Hab W[۽Zg[m#SS۲w6;W{4᷂ ZDrZ^Nqi^;@8**2lya|+sTś̢ition is an example of shock training for the upper body. One of the characteristics of shock training is a brief transition phase, which is the pause that occurs immediately after the eccentric phase ends and before the concentric phase begins. Such dynamic activity is required to take advantage of two processes: 1) the refle increase in muscle tension caused by the sudden impact stimulus, and 2) the release of elastic energy stored in the tendons and muscles developed during the eccentric phase energy that can be refocused to help an athlete jump higher and farther and run faster. As illustrated in Figure 1, a delay as long as .25 seconds would prevent the athlete from being able to us that energy, and the activity would have to be regarded as low- or medium-level plyometrics. Says Siff,  A useful visualization of shock training is to imagine that the surface being touched by the hands or feet during the plyometric contact phase is red hot, so that any prolonged contact would be dangerous. Verkhohansky s research has revealed that shock training is the most effective type of plyometrics. In one 12-week study, Verkhoshansky divided track and field athletes into two groups. The first group performed 1472 low-and medium-level plyometric activities, including squats. The other group performed 475 jumps using the shock training method. Although the shock training group performed a third less work, these athletes showed greater improvement in reactive abilit)b=- {yOƟw*ezM\d1U,bQ$F3oJ {cP*i6@8<;bMNv"<L_)&@͎6I2ԎBn|9[Gxն s\$Ig/alP !FFqkFG4?'WpŸe)SV,ceY#|~/2EepfQthe early days with their weight training. When they were struggling, they never said,  I can't do it, Coach.' Instead, they said,  I'll try harder the next time.' I think that attitude in the weight room came across in the pool as well."<br><br>Making Waves with Muscles<br><br>The basic philosophy in swimming is to work very hard, then taper off for the meets. As such, it's often difficult to see results during the training season, and patience becomes a virtue much sought after. However, Mark says he noticed many positive changes during their training after they overcame their initial soreness. The swimmers were coming off the blocks more explosively. More importantly, they were riding higher on the water. "The higher you can ride on the water, the faster you can go because you're not pushing a lot of resistance--you're a tugboat down below and a speedboat above."<br>The changes weren't all in the water. The women began to take pride in the physical definition they were developing and improvements in their posture. "You could really see it in the way they stood and walked," says Mark, "The weight training was complementing the swimming right from the start."<br>In sports such as football, sometimes the best-conditioned team does not win. In swimming, what you see is usually what you get. For Dale and Mark, what they got were better times and heavier lifts.<br>The previous page shows some of the before and after results of the BFS program from November  97 to March  98.<br>Keep in mind that these changes are big! A swimmer who knocks off a second is like a weightlifter adding another 50 pounds to his or her bench!<br>As for team results, this year SWAT had more athletes than ever qualify for the Junior National Championships. They also hope to win the Division 2 High School State Championships this year, a competition in which they placed fourth last year. This would be an especially impressive accomplishment since this competition pits 45 schools against each other. Also, in J