JFIFC    $ &%# #"(-90(*6+"#2D26;=@@@&0FKE>J9?@=C  =)#)==================================================" }!1AQa"q2#BR$3br %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz w!1AQaq"2B #3Rbr $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ?yehPʘU`Lcq$Ԫb Sz~$Mt!„8* i !~crd("' p;cq yUcƥ]'R鏺$zN/C&@hO>Yٗwz 6".Ȕ Bd/~0oLr'mX zѵY6pNH u(c}#Di$z߿/.wv[rJ4-@9nO|z0!VD>\lW3 )Ŷ&8G5kRi7Fر$ǷeC{P?,[.F2-E,MGL(I4wF"lJDJJGצN8ju]څ ڢmP{h  eR$c$岪y4vȸۆNIHH \co:6$omJpqޢ nlB'<aC(gU ~ƒߝů-r gEMݹEN 矽ך,fwRI#ztB$Q/9qSN|Xf{?-pDg8fߤB8mF'{\:dҗUN ے 7_֣f#3SM6wn6?_0%fY' +qvs~"10J!R2{gUP zkèe?U`Xsx @#~7.@ʾ #HDQ17;Tq$z 15OdM^y8✃h!{rp@M\ڜ ;FqҚ>o_uGwM T׎-;<]ǂnѮaj9dUG^-1nFGZӮ 6 f8Yƭ$:0Va'qN*G]6NxO$u#qT#a3@zⲵS*H$;S>M !^O5 @>;U|`yz\/ƶѭ.sʴ1=!K/mW7[Oӣp7^=1w]ΰafl nMD5u)$aՠ7R.B K;RYHʜ5Cź nm+1!q}k*V= gOM#xGx&2~k鷱[ -=Oj t)x)!F( [mlQ("W&&bI8j0Rf'90,SnjǪMt)e>=Gf *N+ ku&^]I r;ng5xG;(Vgp Zr6adhi1o 3g\$~Z)7?ZIjtQ0B-11E%^Iuj*J.͸RiNԮ+a2ef9Oɞir׎&"9UST>$L'9P#b .='R[Y$ ݲ5AU)uP1[>fp> uY6H%5ǵֿ+?#9mOшWðj8¬q&;ZtHT[3ɣF+fעxwM=R:RUǽaZe F@~uo}Z40:D28\g;ۏ鶐HX+ĵFMWU̎H'okWLn°Xԯ>Rrƥ55!:k-]X{S1ϦO,E0ϵh1zR61ݩbRz֬hujP>_RK{sme)3)73㊫q&_ƞgfaͥAo,2<?CC`oAwo$K,țcq[Lvşqp~!OaKu"vF3XzGTWЕp1LdT׮*h/lg$/ϡGaw1=؞>By.9FҰ>0ĘxzUnc<.bx>~N+pO-<^Sdm܂=+>\vnItgFћjϡ?2kRNɵ#^~Jy֚ΨdpgdlOV? nN~S,.&P[[v#20q oҪ#`( ;!M-tSUd[W @P@cҾzne {iv$:~j >#+'ЧN|Нmd{h_L:Q=;݃~)wgҘrOQLQR})J}+oIQs<5U10`9zZ$v3O@W-LvĎY7aW-^!2\JE%T1<5ч1Q~kQp%r^KmAXL3w#WFjgz]֩8WG+#PhP75i4s0wP9eRNjϛ[ˡ%Ӵ:Z8zI{op!dѢR!ϖbXczUq:Q4K>B:J2)Vٜ4zL(h6ߚ7m 5 yGlz g^Mɐ6V"EMwTIsU4][Ui-N=!J)xV/ Jvqҫ:S}+dv7wҍN)ŽWޜxS |{z5{R=Ld @=Keov^#.F@ HBr~5raW\v;d>~xojTŴ5p2Vm>'l:óCYԈ:~anxv+=刍F,rsj+ȴbN>èaEz[O5ۻ_+)BW"D"W#㯱S̛O0_#Dzנ| eŔbISgJtԎUOC10x`sڧo[T8PY2:Չ|Ŭn0Gܐn`]Jt絚XHC9' iNMt1Ec=ɪ,#o*aݞ6RXUm  ۶~w5 f qv1lҥhxuc3-FB~^Ěm`l9y13ֽA>nVky ʣ=49V.RWO- Uf&q\ͤWDl{c[w:+az\mKN.-?r=ar5u,uWWH#?]v5Er{GN;}j[njS " ?:aU_έA(<+DM=: _;ST L“4h+Aj(ƊW`0b5aӞ=(kW5 jVL;R59^D!U=@hۡf[}jݣ>c@xSƻ/iך(k wʡCFG+]( vb=?]t̪@֛ :=+5[ Y]JHă 4uNCj`PW#cSRݧO iVviO0oқ5 Ƕ7QyOÍߕek"v2 be:61lf 1"* r!>azJbܵl]LK"9tÎ8ivs{R4Uʸv/Tgo+*G\윓mq57AJ)- \Y[Av W>;ryGFGcn W=A2@ Ppy'꣸ėyi=`<~bhdHg5^v³5 ŬHڌ;p;֪V!GC堾w7A]|䊂=E&rh\$Rsކ+XTp Y g\c9RMdj9SF EKZ[sb, }q+VxA2gZζOkOhI+ -nL2yjx=2L Dڕ-"!cW'`*EdV !H>)d8a:ӎ9~"٢ C9{SMܡ*s+x+H{d6?_J.R:poޑz-13yx$br{u+P`sNި1k1e<Î44pLy\?:9v*2sӎ*($}+\/8{M<쀬ے|OL; gL( ZfMn%I%nZ90)YO\ɹus]37OρNXMn',N}h.i< n3q&~=4 $`V= Ҙy2sp=M'Yh5?\pKȥkrG^~Vd$}&V$aA雁 9e< }r`?,v'y4ұl;vIL Z)"id-I#=Id/̠3 c>Mh';I9ʊ)dZDT .GLL[L0) bکV2AbI-U@93I=(72} ڏ(U<(Y噊0on*B$aӎEEe4wd9?ʛ-(^B$EH-)J?BڏBhQ@yj<&C̓pf9O"<8[FFI_vqQENAU+J(?e lower body. Performing Marine Corps push-ups where you clap your hands, land, and then immediately perform another repetition is an example of shock training for the upper body. One of the characteristics of shock training is a brief transition phase, which is the pause that occurs immediately after the eccentric phase ends and before the concentric phase begins. Such dynamic activity is required to take advantage of two processes: 1) the reflex increase in muscle tension caused by the sudden impact stimulus, and 2) the release of elastic energy stored in the tendons and muscles developed during the eccentric phase energy that can be refocused to help an athlete jump higher and farther and run faster. As illustrated in Figure 1, a delay as long as .25 seconds would prevent the athlete from being able to use that energy, and the activity would have to be regarded as low- or medium-level plyometrics. Says Siff,  A useful visualization of shock training is to imagine that the surface being touched by the hands or feet during the plyometric contact phase is red hot, so that any prolonged contact would be dangerous. Verkhoshansky s research has revealed that shock training is the most effective type of plyometrics. In one 12-week study, Verkhoshansky divided track and field athletes into two groups. The first group performed 1472 low-and medium-level plyometric activities, including squats. The other group performed 475 jumps using the shock training method. Although the shock training group performed a third less work, these athletes showed greater improvement in reactive ability than the group using traditional methods.<br>Again, this is why you should regard weight training (including the Olympic lifts) and most forms of commonly used plyometrics as valuable  readiness activities for shock training. <br><br>Shock training is a powerful tool for athletic training, but because it places such high levels of tension on the muscles and stress on the nervous system, it must be approached with caution. This entails first developing a strength base with BFS core lifts, and perfecting the technique of the lower intensity shock training exercises. Accurate visualization of reactive movements, split-second decision making during sporting conditions, proper breath holding patterns, and fine tuning the nervous system (to develop what Siff calls cognitive plyometrics) take years of practice to perfect. Only after such preparation should you gradually increase the intensity of the exercises, and only with such preparations can you achieve maximal results with minimal risk of injury.<br><br>Shock Training in Action<br><br>According to Siff, Verkhoshansky is appalled at the amount of inaccurate information being published in the United States about shock training. Verkhoshansky attributes this to the fact that much of his material has not<br>been interpreted accurately. Siff says that the German coaches, who recognized the value of shock training and other forms of plyometrics, often had entire teams of several linguists and scientists working full time to<br>accurately analyze the writings of Verkhoshansky. In contrast, in the U.S. very few individuals translated his articles, and in many cases it might be a college student with little background in sport training. One example of poorly interpreted research is when American coaches say that Verkhoshansky recommends that athletes should be able to squat 1-1/2 times their bodyweight before performing shock training methods. In fact, Verkhoshansky says it would be unwise to wait until an athlete reaches this level of strength before performing shock training because it takes considerable time and practice to perfect these exercises. Furthermore, many athletes may never reach that level of leg strength! Indeed, when you see elite athlete's Upper Limits. We featured four throwers, one of which was Stefan Fernholm. The original BFS Program came from the throwers in the late 1960's and 1970's but these new throwers added much to the BFS Program. Stefan weighed 275 and stood a little more than 6-1. His legitimate forty was 4.3 (hand held) with a 40-inch