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It causes an increase in muscle mass. When taken as prescribed it has the capacity to increase body weight by as much as seven pounds in five days.<br>Are there any long term effects? The long term effect of creatine has never been studied. However, creatine has been used in the past and without incident. Athletes in the 1940s and 1950s used it until steroids became available. They switched to steroids because they got results much faster. The Eskimos ingest up to four grams of creatine per day through their high consumption of meat and fish, twice that of Americans, and, have not had any documented ill effects.<br>How much time is considered long term? Is it 5 years, 10 years, or 50 years? The FDA has been studying creatine since it exploded onto the sports scene in 1992. Dr. Mike Stone from Appalachian State University, a leader in the field of Muscle Physiology, has been studying athletes who have been taking creatine for as long as sx years. To date, there are no reports of kidney, heart or liver problems.<br>Since there is no documented evidence that creatine is a health hazard, the benefits of accelerated muscle development using creatine, far outweigh at least one alternative - using anabolic steroids. For those concerned about sending the wrong message to young adults, consider this; it is a great service to young people to let them know there is a viable alternative to using anabolic steroids.<br><br>_______________________________________<br><br>Creatine is criticized <br>for the following<br><br>1. It could have been a cause in the death of three college wrestlers who died trying to  make weight. <br><br>2. It caused muscle cramping due to water retention and dehydration.<br><br>3. Creatine has an adverse effect on liver and kidney function.<br><br>4. It is lacking in long term research.<br><br>5. To a lesser degree of concern, creatine causes stomach upset, diarrhea and nausea.<br><br><br><br>o much stronger this year. <br>Another priority in Nelson training was developing muscular balance to prevent injuries.  Adam s current training didn t address muscular balance, so we worked a lot of antagonist muscles to the shot put, says Poliquin.  We did a lot of chin-ups, fat bar work, and a lot of work with partial movements, bands and lifting chains.  One reason that lifting chains work so well is they are one of the few methods that can improve both explosive power and maximal strength at the same time. Adds Nelson,  Chains force you to continually push yourself to accelerate though the lift, rather than keeping a steady pressure. We used them for core lifts such as inclines and squats. <br>This will give you an idea of how strong Nelson has become since addressing his health issues and using these unique taining method: When Nelson started with Poliquin, he could incline press 385 pounds using a 3-inch-thick bar; now he does 525. <br>Poliquin alters his training strategies to accommodate the requirements of various field athletes. He comments,  The different implements require different amounts of force in he force-velocity curve. 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