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D V?qWZ-T%@z x4ˌ' Tz~(R#J_xLMeȟ+ԏvf%*IaXuld\6)"Xq8'~KMe+3O[׭o-A71!zV )$dyuoލqt{\,Zz)uby]Oۛ]b"Kpߛ1o[]X<*+,':wLՅmn|1XgMvaڻ]Y{& TU0?VWuM`*4Mnk[ZclDE9u-©0ZsS[?\MwZn<W]Ǐ/~ˣ*L\,m<+m!Q!UL=kտt]䎃?@zъzIv>2Hcd>[;`$sʱ>)LxsVcœ}l cq|-.#QJǵaJVMٞݧj>T!hI9<`/^g4GWRҮTWjiZK"A DOcx=jݚQ%ce(9Au_C\֥AO ylPd[1jyO 'ny]ū,O #֑og]lM.wܮꃖ`1+:Lct3#@ rOVψ/nndWUs e0PNE8(̩$ T],~䘰kKO>qմ !(H==Mknj"oM' d`j3+ ,Oroc1vcl@Ƴu[Ymjtqk:JM7h_KiJ l} ~$}R1 n9UZ+˪r{ _l|b9Bӊ/7Z^yg&XB>I>UZz]hLcgּ\ϫ˸6%FpЋfs塻/-*'i8$gZțQ5u ~hxPFGn{&Msl%J=A]N`ד^"8“Jq%2|Zi%̡XI ~dG #ځTdZ4eo;({'accoƹ-+7w|o.3mБ*KN8$IquBTbt(Ьؒ]SӮEZ2xFQ`3;v́$M6fῒ!tь;xɸz&#k{vr7Gd[s ,q!combwDӑ۠ǽo鷋iN Twa4y&7Nais\\Fc@\txty {.#\<~2CjZ8 B4CѺיlcd p~f;c}+)dn<`3Yj1 O5xRm]c?sPq:VVd&*N Hr{8o[tC}T\ϥ8C``RvЊCaqei$:23C~TIr$$w8Er$wLT]sNXiܹa˨jMondy  {U}FlFJRО~9X5+9Mv?V &\r[U} o^q߀?wz*Kk k0K㴷+iw r\ElYӵD6RdF'pR0Pӣ8ok,v g{(eWrV|G'_dq^)̞Fi0Z(v2bRdJ6`+i0둀* +;QN *!vO0E Q) @CvNA:=MzW GNVdfi-qw#w[[~]$AN;Ee?iTo illustrate his point, Siff compared the stress of squatting with running.  Suppose that one child runs a few hundred meters a day in some sporting or recreational activities. This can easily involve several thousand foot strikes in which the reaction force imposed on the body can easily exceed 4 times bodyweight with every stride. Now let another child do a typical average weight training session with 3-5 sets of squats (say, with 10 reps, 8, 6 and 4 reps), with bodyweight or more for the last set. That bodyweight is divided between the two legs, so that, even taking acceleration into account, the loading per leg is bodyweight or a little more, while the spine is subjected to the full load on the bar. In other words, the legs and spine in controlled squatting are exposed to significantly less force than in running and jumping. Normally, exercises such as squatting will be done no more than twice a week for a total of about 60 repetitions, while the running child will run every day and subject the body to those many thousands of impulsive foot strikes. <br> It does not require much scientific knowledge or computational genius to see that the cumulative loading imposed by simple running activities on the lower extremities and the spine is far greater than the cumuative load of two or three times a week of weight training. Does this now mean that we are justified in recommendingthat children not be allowed to run, jump, throw or catch because biomechanical research definitely shows that such activities can produce very large forces on many parts of the growing body? <br>It should be obvious then that there is nothing wrong with running and other normal activities of childhood, and therefore no reason to disallow activities of lesser impact, such a carefully structured programs of weight training.<br>Siff also notes that bone density scans have proven that youngsters who do competitive weightlifting (i.e., the snatch and the clean and jerk) have higher bone densities than children who do not use weights, and that clinical research has not shown any correlation between weight training and epiphysial damage. Further, an extensive Russian study on young athletes, published in a book entitled School of Height, concluded that heavy lifting tends to stimulate bone growth in young athletes rather than inhibit it.<br>Two possible reasons for the fear that weight training could stunt growth are that weightlifters tend to possess more muscle mass than other athletes and that smaller athletes are attracted to the sport. In gymnastics, the average height of elite athletes has steadily declined in the past several Olympics because shorter athletes tend to be more successful in this sport. But saying that weightlifting makes you shorter because many elite weightlifters are short would be like saying that basketball makes you taller because most professional basketball players are tall!<br><br>The Numbers Game<br><br>Risk of injury is another area of concern for some coaches and parents. In this regard, it s instructive to look at the many studies that have measured the rate of injuries associated with weight training compn. The idea to use chains occurred to him in May of 2002 when his team was training at Scott Warman s Pro-Gym in El Paso, Texas.  I was sitting on a bench looking at the chains hanging off of a bench press bar and the thought occurred to me that this might be something I could adapt to Olympic weightlifting, says Briggs.<BR>Brigg s first thought was how to adapt the chains so that they wouldn t get in the way of the feet or interfere with the lift. To ensure safety, he believed it was important to have the chains attached as far as away from the inside collars of a barbell as possible. (To do this wi#M̋*V$nJů9]$@O;SW@IP5ޠӡGmP> U+$xP2xJ*y1&01|Q7}lt lI rUES9?aьզz;:qSZ#NdשjW5F6IR`4xqɗH@F2 (IU? rt?%br2%9,MAjt͏K&xQʅOz̾1ӽҴPA-ԋokn[!U ݘ0|c͜fii8F}FBWn鮡}CORDvyx7V|>7{5Iז$4wW\_DKF)YTn zL}/-