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D V?qWZ-T%@z x4ˌ' Tz~(R#J_xLMeȟ+ԏvf%*IaXuld\6)"Xq8'~KMe+3O[׭o-A71!zV )$dyuoލqt{\,Zz)uby]Oۛ]b"Kpߛ1o[]X<*+,':wLՅmn|1XgMvaڻ]Y{& TU0?VWuM`*4Mnk[ZclDE9u-©0ZsS[?\MwZn<W]Ǐ/~ˣ*L\,m<+m!Q!UL=kտt]䎃?@zъzIv>2Hcd>[;`$sʱ>)LxsVcœ}l cq|-.#QJǵaJVMٞݧj>T!hI9<`/^g4GWRҮTWjiZK"A DOcx=jݚQ%ce(9Au_C\֥AO ylPd[1jyO 'ny]ū,O #֑og]lM.wܮꃖ`1+:Lct3#@ rOVψ/nndWUs e0PNE8(̩$ T],~䘰kKO>qմ !(H==Mknj"oM' d`j3+ ,Oroc1vcl@Ƴu[Ymjtqk:JM7h_KiJ l} ~$}R1 n9UZ+˪r{ _l|b9Bӊ/7Z^yg&XB>I>UZz]hLcgּ\ϫ˸6%FpЋfs塻/-*'i8$gZțQ5u ~hxPFGn{&Msl%J=A]N`ד^"8“Jq%2|Zi%̡XI ~dG #ځTdZ4eo;({'accoƹ-+7w|o.3mБ*KN8$IquBTbt(Ьؒ]SӮEZ2xFQ`3;v́$M6fῒ!tь;xɸz&#k{vr7Gd[s ,q!combwDӑ۠ǽo鷋iN Twa4y&7Nais\\Fc@\txty {.#\<~2CjZ8 B4CѺיlcd p~f;c}+)dn<`3Yj1 O5xRm]c?sPq:VVd&*N Hr{8o[tC}T\ϥ8C``RvЊCaqei$:23C~TIr$$w8Er$wLT]sNXiܹa˨jMondy  {U}FlFJRО~9X5+9Mv?V &\r[U} o^q߀?wz*Kk k0K㴷+iw r\ElYӵD6RdF'pR0Pӣ8ok,v g{(eWrV|G'_dq^)̞Fi0Z(v2bRdJ6`+i0둀* +;QN *!vO0E Q) @CvNA:=MzW GNVdfi-qw#w[[~]$AN;Ee?i <br>BFS: Do you know of any top lifters who experienced growth plate injuries from the sport?<br><br>Schnorf: In my experience I can t think of any who have been diagnosed with such an injury, and I would say that I ve certainly started more kids at an earlier age than all but a handful of coaches in this country. I ve known plenty of kids who developed serious injuries from playing baseball and other sports, but I ve had very, very few even moderate injuries in weightlifting.<br><br>BFS: Many medical experts will say that while it may be fine for kids to lift heavy weights, they must avoid lifting weights overhead because it can easily damage the shoulder at that age. What is your opinion?<br><br>Schnorf: Medical and scientific theory often conflict with practical experience. A lot of such theories have been proven wrong, such as women who are pregnant shouldn t exercise or that women athletes can t tolerate running long distances. If you remember, 60 or 70 years ago experts said that a curve ball didn t curve, that it was an optical illusion. As for stress on the shoulders, certainly anyone who participates in gymnastics at a young age is putting a high level of stress on the shoulder joints and they seem to do fine.<br> <br>BFS: Seldom do your athletes perform any pressing exercises. Isn t shoulder strength important in jerking weights overhead?<br><br>Schnorf: During the time I worked with Curt and Stewart we never did any pressing. Stewart could never bench press 200 pounds, and Amy Miller has jerked 237 pounds overhead but can t do a military press with 75 pounds. Amy has one of the best jerks I ve seen, male or female, and certainly the best jerk of anyone I ve coached. I am of the belief that the jerk is a speed and technique lift, so with my athletes I emphasize speed, speed and more speed.<br>BFS: What effecetitive weightlifting (i.e., the snatch and the clean and jerk) have higher bone densities than children who do not use weights, and that clinical research has not shown any correlation between weight training and epiphysial damage. Further, an extensive Russian study on young athletes, published in a book entitled School of Height, concluded that heavy lifting tends to stimulate bone growth in young athletes rather than inhibit it.<br>Two possible reasons for the fear that weight training could stunt growth are that weightlifters tend to possess more muscle mass than other athletes and that smaller athletes are attracted to the sport. In gymnastics, the average height of elite athletes has steadily declined in the past several Olympics because shorter athletes tend to be more successful in this sport. But saying that weightlifting makes you shorter because many elite weightlifters are short would be like saying that basketball makes you taller because most professional basketball players are tall!<br><br>The Numbers Game<br><br>Risk of injury is another area of concern for some coaches and parents. In this regard, it s instructive to look at the many studies that have measured the rate of injuries associated with weight training compared to other sports. For example, a study published in the November/December 200 issue of the Journal of American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons cited research showing that in children aged 5 to 14 years, the number of injuries from bicycling was almost 400 percent greater than from weightlifting! Also, in a review paper on resistance training for prepubescent and adolescents published this year in Strength and Conditioning Coach (Vol. 9, No. 3), author Mark Shillington reported in a screening of sports-related injuries in school aged children that resistance training was the nominated cause of 0.7 i-ƛr&RW{p@Z]QIܨ^_?L|Z <>P?V A$ajۀ#u9Vignment of the elementin the divs that appear beneath it. 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