JFIFC    $ &%# #"(-90(*6+"#2D26;=@@@&0FKE>J9?@=C  =)#)==================================================" }!1AQa"q2#BR$3br %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz w!1AQaq"2B #3Rbr $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ?mrLB&95_LĞnG" \֫EF^Bb*F 1{OXE&[}EDBG5n?vZ*ʇZzMBGұ>¬"+Kyʭ[]sq35 4RhVmrp;VmS- 4TxjnTu ^i15Gx?vQr^ii^TXn}*<սYGCV7sI9k zDֹSٲL}z&[z`VF sڨ19\ ]WfOš؞;Rw1sIӑLdd/kOz2/٭\ \nstQ±Uv 5,'Ȅ'WlP5G Wa-Wk ɻXf]Jy0P85PXt3߻]%;p[s5ZxFt}B8>fWvM5sJU=.2F[h+SK|je])>bH?՛Ekiz"Xbq,TK :dV|&Wyita0[8ni6K*6][q3?^5Yuk,`"qεJ: ){Qx늩"0=pS+%ܗ'BwOOczT"x;֬h#;k`PQ0@N1֤2!U_]Ο`3tw5ZFgXEecHbOrOQ-lEIJ3  oPU;R5OPia :{եr[pUMKOBWj-4jюUu̍7g0)6N&`UҵH}+5b}AZY2 09> 6Z ݓ^I 񬑺ea w_'+Cr:WT Fk6HP˃JyH @Ҷ4zk"À#<98WOa޲Hd%Pҫ⠏0={&reW[䵾uiZCq2HdÚ=g?<1"N9 +䱸`hgi~lFRQvHG$X(OsH(Jصr"OEcJ$aDJŒgGIq Cdr:b%m%۷UtE8l5T_1&v?ʼX#5&RqޱiDz UT`H6:lgaQ4FJ)#M5tL3ߵUk Œn׵\ Ȫ-m6VLZt'h"*צO1`zbb}Bh^QU20Cz:u,E^%>0a>FIqF[ipjYT?5{ n y׎<{#u%6O_>*c6ĬhI<> K,&7PQ`y=k(>vxw e?jV)n"vzmAe$1֛m%L}W#{¶XfY g?L~,Ns^[eJHOzvX81I]5s-=:Zߋm?mױHVآ%hxÙ]"އxCk":6MokPZ63XOFp^;X&ldZ ٬N9v]3PNRʆңsԀJ? ϥzDžp<t1쎬/͝횼q%#WyP`zt7mn@zɦ<>iRc d V^Q;`x=}OJ4-I6p u`l;`\};8ʪYO$XI =My9XƇ1]|5 Mu0@ q ZG0't rM5u;/@z u֗selJ p@9+mde嫱l)?ajVr9A`[8m¾c@3bd9eӞVUV=x);&h_i-@2Edmۍݹ>W?} Xbr랗9N;°!CcX(XGj x_w RM9V#_IIs^yJ\+|KDcUψWVh-gH ܊iYırr}Vg lc+ÀW$={:҇u'Sji&t0ef4*ױBĂIԑγF*5RJjzdzi<#ҼsW:6W  Z+D(Gp~8j69Vr2єtf)Fsƃp<#MmC0&nf@?ZLkcVbR1Z<5䗖HV*hۈؾdB>`+ΘnKx^^I]Y=[Cqču(x#櫁GOU#9-ij y^3ִ!VgR |̟)={Yf}͆Wmx}@{8P=F 5Yv\5zs{9+ܒ~mWKo,#䮊8|aCZ>.#Q$+@#-*񌏡R sR@'947Uun*a#TL)nh#nH=[ ~) 1^੊C^2מ b? a=aƲKҒl,.P ֳ y`C+6 v6ޘ-}ݩJ˃8IaUrRڣ㸍;gژnU9_^_O@.{qfeYy6ʲG?y0~ƣ^U#Q+~l.Wҳy-|n:طy:^/f$rZ6cٹWkXn*&x+uAI>^qxn~h }^p!*/{ɴh7ڦnV8n k~oܼImC}yYAJIޱps\JeMΥdIwbD?i BڋkuH`H-N2x]msG [g|T4L%iwqn)QNO&BC@CUa\l|0:UM:dlyɧgq ң$df˦y9='v A)'pn$wn`t~T6r|;=k"xsM.kw!nZ(FfdUkP0[+Qt(9r;#E+凶)594z֠D 8HqaiO ֨=j1ۈeI~2n*ZM/m*dUڄϨ\K YN:j=iʀvb^ Ip۳ݫ1o\$]^TD+ Cl:\K$#Rrz׎s|Z4Q^R~敶H&-Ȕ(TE%@RI?ʦ@-UCҰYtbePy<Y$4m$q%6ڡ^w8N; ? ч:L2<KxjQ dpFE,rC~(##~+6yĺm]..g9@\ P:,GD |ewND!8zThyb+ zn28 Y!𭾍Y N}PelpHQWNjǚ;8J}[Tw$up4k6!vA״-Y*[_ɶX!V < ˈ4ԴEe+*Le.s/3\ eܐ]05:_\Z,dTb~&YMp-Az7SPiu%ݱG'D 8p4`3Ji) CKAx-+@ :`ݩ/?^=@Ǐ̀+З~B;L^T~l)=#IJhUg8PX c4UӮY7)mheCZT t5jHqInt~,nT )UWgQj\ }?*9FPn*%J8:}CYȠFI"#D]yۏpHk!k}v%JE(hYѶc۵{my&{{_/ڢG"[2DY^Ym xD3Y2s=mZ4i"Ӽ&-EM_\$ 9#xm:}r>4'PP}ؑ\rfcu1HYI3)FUWSG9`#׬!>º#v3i-L{'>אsURK⢤sTAY/9H5HhWTLz.H QLV\Ӳ:Ӻh-b'Q)ǃ~L|N=rҜe 4sP1RGA8%p%\QThƛF<s߱IlÔ`GY@r8#ZXu稨[ E,WNpݨq3"Z+C1׵.M- 3@lzk^LжBs5u lCt=ԕ8sJ\N yO]~7\H(0Mr2TR8 kjU^DN+2%lN*@)OִLx9# @F*pn~ 6o.+ TP$drOP&eӡ18V=i:dTM!$4ܐYpxLUI )&ip54u[I;ʐF2@YJQIjGJ\R"@-@ţJZrH(QEQK@ E7}/rxAn@1*ԫ]S@iM*3xzHXd^Kt+ɥtvΚצAXEVkR,G_s̨GԸu 4HO/7ׯ\,1$`qP1JI5S66-.>}.9MkYIɕdn?]C8Luidm0] Z- 8 m(?] W1dʴn4F_LyRE*J(cJJ3@fUb @ @'~+V&eel09Ң98˕ѸqW ;SjӮp0Tᇥhq^ Zn zP.dw9Erɜ]5E\ЦJI4JZZlIi4!VlT.4¡wRr?$ޝ53!ZV ^HRqKGzC.ƍu@ hJ(PJ)(TNۊZv(SKeE܎ -gKt>vJpWksD }ជW6*ѭbp Il\Ehq7jBƘX g}DagP|Ypa<>:\ˑ>]p5ju#%ĩrƸk6Z0k#DWJøf-;=XYwoֽ:jMݜ1jEI]IIK@'J({4Hč"p)6R#Dܰ;2JE:€W)iZ8q]՟kI=R[HF>ⳛ[. I*-d+U܉Ŕa8 iOk7VRB劭h+ʱ&w_r+u֧d"765 S\ԡkH1vWBTa{:ir3JRPè[< O4{sNmBTNҹ7'jpp3w5 bY,e 1vtg86w;{[[!O:t5Q4 .EY[fs۶g,y>cmPA''$NVlsSE >MUYr1;˨xKC`FETFn?yjRkK.-3j0`8o^CqCKO03Xsx2ZG 'ipO_JܷIP:6Abǽmxv6UWECr呍Z)+땳jַqm̨rUff q@4鴻Uvzhh5V5 c!qT`TW rѤFC%.ԂXM48$% #W:w!xϭt,vcG\м"~ɳ:j,[y3@c" AQ#bx7$g1sY> m2"(_\vpgIG|]W0H>7z{hRBąsbdUF|nBs]uJ7$V(Q|oD1hy~D9lVCshCdɿGX[RגŸs';S!:npI%F:Mh)3j[-/3eږ $i!<?)2q8vz}ܽx#;ϥA ,M{{KȞ¤ **DQW8\Z'hZ>!'SĜHdhj/ͫFUF9qZrXwzI9ג^4bL;&$'+=3C9O*劔Ep1ֳcqVCŁ'3ǙzsVSsdd ?͞U#{B;\Ou-`c, $E+#wz߃|3-X\D <MIkQ<+]?htÊsŧ@.FpՈmW]1b1ksͺ=Mx-,@TjBęd.A\>ͩ\4 `s+^%jơ@\pw:4@q"<J GomMM;VƠ$8= MI=O[ KcQɅs4aPɅ 8:-s1z]!>)OM s v*?٭aYW-ϸ57'WQ]BN;ͽF &5 'c)Eu#ԅb%03ޣWM:U%'dUuJ=;SM[c>P}+ Q'%U<ہv>Eb3\rWsq\l8nXch[i)u' I=, l#8i̔!ڔW$aAS 6B &6 \$zT=4ujO3 zF" WtzA[GcUG-#Ȅt C/=۫'OI:2۹XJ(Y }vxm㩮<_xΏvclֽJPICG=jTzlr<Ls:Zc3O`Mqe3]B1Q\)1u5-#Xɸ%8Aq.sV-ʻ[P4Y vC3Bpvhc]NxL6\28mHVȥ t)%cK$ i]k7Tot%͡ҝކ8td!ݾzkO$ d҉ 4O=*E8皖! #v͢=ET]2 0?{vVՄ7_UMTg $P8'OZLb{vF:;c5h5dHHOq\` Twep<})]"jC'c! 2H>U#`ע[*A#w5lċbA]Q \=5B+%Gi!m}GOʜmbNu4PRQL_Zhd.>AJm,~Qlѩ]J1܆7Xf̀Ji=RiAONEOtR[2>nKCrA8e'SHSt!gSO$nn3Lձ+@\˫Gͣ8\wr 'cqSbͣV&@9R3V7g`:W:g ]D'$gjRX򞎗" @IpYA-}k=ӊ`W+n @HuFWuI:T,8 fjf7jjH+ ٸp3B:U-!C8AM/ ?yiR]ЅE7i.kMm 5-c(?HjV@oCQ3 lP~j M QJA4"A ҧt-VIϵr>"g ѲibվAjCǧ;Q \\1*y1*i"T֗9ҁ "`VUG׽4( )aW&*w=w(㵏-g+2qGVt tT7Y\+ ::_kbb^eazkoUߊ'PBXڤIv6niv[Qn3QQ͐su`Oاv#]ٺ*s3Yhv"񿐷ϧ]c²+ʊUy 9'ڻ_KcfV@9S&iMٜ&)dbb[F=*LjX3$ciDLJj_cY/=r0)28nkBMZ>86lFXϵc: $M>U-9ҧ1W61@bOSIVhТ6;*$\$;Ɗlce heat or humidity can lead to an electrolyte imbalance already mentioned above. Again, there are many theories, but no documented evidence. So if we do not know what causes cramps, and, we know there is no physiological reason creatine can cause dehydration, we can dismiss the notion that creatine causes muscle cramps.<br>Does creatine affect the function of the liver and kidneys? This has been and is currently being studied by three well known and highly respected researchers, Dr. Bill Kraemer, Dr. Rick Kreider, and Mr. Mike Stone to date, no undesirable side effects have been found. Kreider studied the effects of creatine on college football players and reported "no impact on tests of liver or kidney function." Kraemer examined active college students at Penn State after a heavy work out. He also found no side effects from the use of creatine. He examined hormone levels, }0ؿ?es and muscle biopsies. Participants also filled out questionnaires regarding any side effects such as cramping, diarrhea, nausea. None were reported. Not only has Kraemer thoroughly examined creatine, he also used it when he was a competitive athlete as did his 17-year-old daughter when she played high school tennis and his 15-year-old son when he was weight lifting. Again, no adverse side affects. Creatine does have one well-documented side effect. It causes an increase in muscle mass. When taken as prescribed it has the capacity to increase body weight by as much as seven pounds in five days.<br>Are there any long term effects? The long term effect of creatine has never been studied. However, creatine has been used in the past and without incident. Athletes in the 1940s and 1950s used it until steroids became available. They switched to steroids because they got results much faster. The Eskimos ingest up to four grams of creatine per day through their high consumption of meat and fish, twice that of Americans, and, have not had any documented ill effects.<br>How much time is considered long term? Is it 5 years, 10 years, or 50 years? The FDA has been studying creatine since it exploded onto the sports scene in 1992. Dr. Mike Stone from Appalachian State University, a leader in the field of Muscle Physiology, has been studying athletes who have been taking creatine for as long as six years. To date, there are no reports of kidney, heart or liver problems.<br>Since there is no documented evidence that creatine is a health hazard, the benefits of accelerated muscle development using creatine, far outweigh at least one alternative - using anabolic steroids. For those concerned about sendin