JFIFC    $ &%# #"(-90(*6+"#2D26;=@@@&0FKE>J9?@=C  =)#)==================================================" }!1AQa"q2#BR$3br %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz w!1AQaq"2B #3Rbr $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? EHHA L:{Tm;XD2$sJ90@QIϵ5%NNy)*_viGiVu0ďAL{eFIWKrIW[isѸ0E ®e2\{MԊ d $Uq'nAƢBB`U"zvZSԱiZNzu(=HLn21ƕpNPs׵ 91Z$K R=9 :i68㿽86ѐ [&q:V؆](' <1M'=B[ C@dqQL/zUrX&rJ.+R699?)h&n%Q*W^섒&=9C=3R[K 3aV,f㑆vRX.ȑd՛=!Y$Eρ\]ٵѬn^r=FsS7!f,pejTF!.T~Sg~X$0 r+CW,|W.(U8ʞ?_*H`Bp1{W:]+ڌG)}pwZ|oqI#8l$42 OBA@\դlF0# PWZr%6=#9+m\R:ҢfOzt' RKr)wg1\`uHGoz4HAJsڛ9~W=eg1T (8' ;`1DWЅX\fvbHD= #9sKTi fOV  uHȀVq*6h!HrKn eߊd_@4瓜/"n~U,gUiLG=? d.KD(ccI6~WMxy,r[E\S]ˈtLo!I}VPe_fZl j'\nD$t\-L)ݔЃYځ9$ <`YGoAy㞟ֲ"*t9.L' c\s.CmBhxjns!&ޟQh( (?ΣU#T6sh\H̋& o%ܮn Se@vSTo~ЏTg=ef&'B[Fe.-j(6 zthGP|QFm)c֡K)Ƨ+R}4A"KR{ 4e4Ҹ8U 3#*2OZ+N:qM/ֆ!8&~a)(\w/rICLZȽAFz &?9l[$2T7^2;Jb\TjIR#4O =\:zGqWK='TjwI\GGҬ\bi0OAZ^Wg /5[-TI9#ӊOx N@W?RccyO,؞ycHBAizuK޺bMj;v$r?殣2Ɂ5#Odi2Or:4W4+vr=WIiOmV.!2&捺ˊ{h:;WKz~f6H$b填IGR[}Ϣ1\)~WJu=J|^l~tZݥ9oAoܬ~Tn!=RU^QHpOTyCҫֽ6IgM>sP?Ju/tat~kx׋%g$;Q*K[97PId\$i̞Ywsߥ1M'8MRD֊b9'+X"]0 tFXc=i) )9y-}%,I =f>WrСnjFp?48ʜI8}5`1JORb[ۨ\za,Cc$;m/V|q [`oJ7JA=?;ds^Wsvvt?m41sZ |Ҷy -m|EmHV* `? =qӌ2G#{iմv%.e 6A9Mј$܄qu\^O"۩b9?vOmXI{Y̰ϕge ~bt9QO S6¯xn.IS5zlUc*^9c =N qU;VgKiu%dIpL d+'ηN1ڹ+caʸxx_LI v ; fݷ-Edz\4x C$ȓ* Jͤ1(Q9K~_JŠEb˗{\R[4a$Y>}I4(MU L&]yQoye"İq6*䕞BYHdBTu99zux_Ɗkl]]W隕gMr6534atPr|I'ȧ ˣeTgQ9q, ՠv4p5ޡwt2+Hp8$;FJ#';,w~!H~{_Hqe"r?>_`Ai}?Ax V"ȑ*sQY3`q)ȌHy9Z?OSl3:⦐7QqE8E.q=i RzP8Y m?Tp N}*PgOҋ<"tяVΦ f nsE, ]YA1knN2G9j APy?pvTr9kxrVeoO5Mn>O^=&OW^<ּofar4بP21M;#&gfxꁆcԲ\鋖l,;o,c[eձ6-/ A:[mew֑>RHoPMQ#cI5iJJ4}c1OLW1F3^-im Igךw8Z:Ks5Q؎i/ ʱh.1,@.}WV.?]E@$<:s@dJ~ m:[8"kE+zԏTUd~U+in4Eܦ:eX]C+e㿹_-gV #pQ$Þ4Js KF8W(j>j2\R=F&@ M Y*/Ҝ!cT9 H*@H@xE7+[+j!V(HCpبN:l L){{wm$FʱHwFpO\}zako)"Trc\#Dc3>t^(#&g1`}({ KV࿂y@W <br>BFS: Do you know of any top lifters who experienced growth plate injuries from the sport?<br><br>Schnorf: In my experience I can t think of any who have been diagnosed with such an injury, and I would say that I ve certainly started more kids at an earlier age than all but a hanful of coaches in this country. I ve known plenty of kids who developed serious injuries from playing baseball and other sports, but I ve had very, very few even moderate injuries in weightlifting.<br><br>BFS: Many medical experts will say that while it may be fine for kids to lift heavy weights, they must avoid lifting weights overhead because it can easily damage the shoulder at that age. What is your opinion?<br><br>Schnorf: Medical and scientific theory often conflict with practical experience. A lot of such theories have been proven wrong, such as women who are pregnant shouldn t exercise or that women athletes can t tolerate running long distances. If you remember, 60 or 70 years ago experts said that a curve ball didn t curve, that it was an optical illusion. As for stress on the shoulders, certainly anyone who participates in gymnastics at a young age is putting a high level of stress on the shoulder joints and they seem to do fine.<br> <br>BFS: Seldom do your athletes perform any pressing exercises. Isn t shoulder strength important in jerking weights overhead?<br><br>Schnorf: During the time I worked with Curt and Stewart we never did any pressing. Stewart could never bench press 200 pounds, and Amy Miller has jerked 237 pounds overhead but can t do a military press with 75 pounds. Amy has one of the best jerks I ve seen, male or female, and certainly the best jerk of anyone I ve coached. I am of the belief that the jerk is a speed and technique lift, so with my athletes I emphasize speed, speed and more speed.<br>BFS: What effec Other athletes who may not want to develop additional muscle mass from emphasizing full squats are gymnasts, divers, high jumpers and even swimmers. <br>Let s examine the box squat in more detail by looking at the concept of starting strength.<br><br>Getting a Head Start on the Competition<br><br>First, it s time for some more definitions. During a concentric contraction a muscle develops tension and shortens, causing movement to occur. During an isometric contraction a muscle develops tension without a change in joint angle; thus no external movement occurs. And during an eccentric contraction, a muscle develops tension and lengthens, also causing movement to occur.<br>One factor that makes the box squat especially effective for sport-specific training is that the exercise requæ}c6 ֞.֌s rJBtNI&D |vlrGsmi&Q^Nn# g6$ +9<>}=i/ ,ZkWB|_8ӊ}M$ebUr)]6e.`IpcgʒUyu ~u;io$1. 9JO̧(#OZr+ 39n8#})& #c#Bu GZHdLew?_[[$A#9$c(s?wӏ=VW,p>çƎ]\wjϑm< An athlete who starts such frequent training younger has a big advantage over an athlete who begins at a later age, especially in terms of how the body handles it and frequently in how the mind handles it. One of the problems with older lifters trying to train this frequently is that they have a lot more stress and personal obligations and may not have the ability to focus like a kid who doesn t have all those pressures.<br><br>BFS: You have a reputation for pushing your athletes through brutally hard training sessions. Is that true?<br><br>Schnorf: At the 1979 Friendship Cup in Russia, Stewart lifted well while the other US lifters didn t lift very well. On the plane back someone asked Stewart why the pressure didn t seem to bother him, and he said,  I haven the chest).<br>In certain sporting movements, an isometric contraction in the set position precedes a concentric contraction, but tgŖ$5G<12oUۮQ4+1#L*v-`jrR;|;$ U@~,MBHx:bL*P xT%M|RH:}9N[P}M~@I$Ivjxއ r+Q͕|O/d'Z+ȩ'p[(zdN=|(rK)@C6X*P֜f%rɽn דRk_`>on 5\2'6>"MOceVubz OjgI9ФcIdfa%3H, JPS'X4˂#Q&\Bff^I5(%{p@Z%F"n_dsFޝY[ y"ƥ8b^_6NU]0ӈ>'rkޛ˄]@D&^ YYS}3>[J&U {JFvXee r3^Ҿe+BkR