JFIFC    $ &%# #"(-90(*6+"#2D26;=@@@&0FKE>J9?@=C  =)#)==================================================" }!1AQa"q2#BR$3br %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz w!1AQaq"2B #3Rbr $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ?ҬBWr8Hw*H;raIg"[[p :"9օ;\7:JwV 9!OQ=r sU%`Xy`BsYx9 %\6HGZtKHYg!Sy"~Y@&+ 6YN31Qg ۜ s"rQڝiSjzvѓ#sJÅUǺ`gWJ/-PF\)FGb@rkH<|@@@w y {VMMv~ LCΜ ՝@?gC6ք hn/㹟oqgH{bqŏѫqZY9,J[hU n!9$Awd;@cM' 5 &U-Wu J3,BY\7hF*-#h\dR!(41/\ӧUm|\ #Ӛuݑ;42lrH $xݼU99֜z~>~5Auv~\^XwȀ=kQZid݈q-7+ .bXZ\o*HA#vF RUMRp f@0qַ-mpZ')?S (iT#\NK,AyEۻs%QPܴ,prw視 $k8_H'V\ o3H2Kd)=HoZ|`۫F$] w֎A9%"ȹWP@sd9r@X# o%,oow =YO4!|ax:{A8's 8"<^ A7^$*Áڛب=K$̮6ȃnKWRy734X(}DiS[\`g͞k֖o.AH88MJ|CocO%S9 /nגHvS5ifFjv/@$/·-2"NW>k{RC4M6ly"vg,rzqްt'ʥ@=ֹum sϵR:NE9]vIOjbx$9*@@ &җ# u)a€;7FA9IO\ЁH=Ѭą;d8Odی/8c (9MwMܗ1^Tq] Ω Y r'5 $;!=+\,|6at 0=dݴ4j:)--Bø鞘ӭ\o头I5Ǖʓg<+5(W˳fOf'̪˝?f[FhU|C*y#Ilkw4VJEAx=KoÚ]ItZPCxT|1YH4IH|w*hjj"0vҹCCyyPi#ۂ[8l5}sdr0?ZL|m][9XW4Lf ACA=p/|z \u`v8Mڀq=B# FLҮI q@d(lSrLsE_9eM"9/]G ^ Zۢ]pNほ~\\t++[Pde{ FPˋKKKumwjXBѦׁSwQ3FZkV+4JP#pEX|*R61\ZqzhnJ{T;є9vLvp_%3$6_Z?z \LĴ0Һv&N%WBFךjq%Q]JZh9q'SA<kF scv?pڃ7 $~Ha LWx{'-ݺ&=pA~$`xakN/y|2{:HN>kм ;QkOYI8B@=>{ag%Ʃrb<28 */֙VDa«mnOxUePĀrqkItdȥBUr? V.sLAsٚA@XgƃmKnv2 dV> TB- T6 ?Ϛw_O,k,,p`k{m$ Dr*+{wpAPEy= 5d(ꅕ${qJA)m51 9:WOZ%mĢܪC~\+9C$}A;6v tջȸ[2znFf=GI"e.) }k5tKPg cI-kB/2'5q]2iœ+԰$ _4lLĬmg wHTtMڬƎ˨I&vl_¬*[9&N8HXG EIK@^>|{|a^g|g86Ѝ=$nmb&F݆@yV1 7 {up<9eѾæ/մ[$#9$$f "mͤ a9$G'&rqӚLudo, qzmbL$Āc~N& cux[^jHm%NGssݽ3LnܹX9"o,gg}]2~+о>TUs*Xy6q'q]ރ{=)A],SY`{~4Nk$3"q6 ^7]@  ^{Fյ;벰2LL }[ c 1*Ua3dɧ\D ٸS`U"O:ԊZI8۶@I*H_e@.Fs7qEvOz@7fU2ng *zl'##ՙz vM0cZU3A*Y+7QI2VV6,2>3Lb'$Up׍ws(v xcTFءw[JJ:zZv4EʎݡRJ"3lEuro}O1(+JSJ:&H``N?:q*jHF ˴^?zhX3EU<»/jVzٶx%@}럚$y$`cZθgd!쑂j7zk,;emB}*[7tIl~bpdBzUna6I.Š.N`Qq$do$V\V 1@0;i@ tJwn :1npP .I01֐ ˌ.icҐQ0f뎢tb@Lq\z0+%rG {̹l 1XtFK0 {:p{_"qƭ%$T;p^9H Fxt} 8Iz3/ l ێݼ~"k[.InZHeHeo/p$?Ĺs^W S?W9$צR:iy/#7D"E;OB¯|e]]HJ ; ~[ٳ~94!&5ќ#UDLy +eԽs"F_E^\g +t Ï*-ʴdsG8=Oz:MA{8_)Y_;$U+M6ͮ @Dž Zgj\yBOaְN3.ܾ%؄5Xh]`[mm& ܃>ӯo7wY@y-y7q{ KDqL@4*Asӊ-P9k"AERcmۥRf2%<랔U䋠p(3* 4H)SSY}$ÀP I3psXwč~28wLU9 =Κ46cUo4Nn#*43VF\HEPOxC )3O֒i )9撔cb 8Fr:q@ dԧjL9%x[;e۵9@H>g?J Ln$b GW:1u> ʃBO41=Uw1E{>іtn Aj=< ,9KPO<%ry95}`Rʰ_'zz< &ȯCꢜ6@4mxKQj=m8ױ28μ+ڌvcsi8,JJ5|bo4aӬ㵽#L~`xz~90д|ݒQ V Dlq`׊^^ݙycglN@]I;zf{ޓ')>s)O.=4 o@'Ԛ DHJ*HNo݋Y=Iev )Cԃ֍N$FGL#x_STA hBsw??'1ץ86$c4B nh6iHF=T{\)#Eg9;=;E,-[Ք]Q($\)!vRhx5qE@HI<ɚ=bnrQI3{IfNKzP+ïS ϸMH)')24Q@FN}*eB`(yq+0 ¢-xˡQ@ oSMwC$GHA\GYWQvYƗ7K_*jNrۻbFP8$sҬ6rizœ/jS H p|ĖteiagaE|i8^_w1R?UɪZ*A}q{rƈ^geKV?Ҹ/ iZYv4Пo9SXQAl.8bI'%jM'ց[VS6eW=1óX ~*3$1ҥRIs'H.|ت39/մmWM4$o*&"`yQоOk`o}8flֵlar~Nif %X(F)c*sH Us=/c4=8E,_4;&%s=So][=WSSOViF(F+I(\%,;Ҷ,lul`&r?t^ߑHlq 0NGqEkDJWlm-+1-2 S=BK #{dҊ*׵AqE 屐R@ Hڊ) ҊoUcD޾_#ԡ&Q댟*(݊0"9(0z> ]?4v} ERIDj6Xf zz(Zw$G+`*%N+Sht8O96~~lG֑Ί̀֟"Ŗ w;N*21қkq5m-y hXUٍ7s淘, 7^[ssK8g_-a==+OA.X~YaV7q\oSsnAyO=뢥n^Z¼Tz)䞸hqb8=?UI#'(,mP (:jtyVos9&vE̞*@NI=hF]+4&XLshU|IIz$o-\>f>ۺڊ+cl2@{SD ϠڥHԀqE"d<Q<袑+s6q ?*kOP!F!T(:t5_Ex_F//m@^v` <br> From Pommel Horse <br>to Car Seat<br><br>Although the glute-ham raise had been used by European athletes since the turn of the century, American athletes were introduced to it in 1971 through Strength and Health magazine. The magazine showed pictures of Russian weightlifters performing the lift on a pommel horse in front of wooden stall bars.<br>American weightlifter Bud Charniga saw the article and decided to include the new exercise in his exercise arsenal.  What I did was take a padded car seat and nail it to a carpenter s bench. I then placed it in front of my power rack and hooked my ankles underneath my barbell so that I wouldn t tip over. <br>Because the car seat Charniga used was padded and had a much sharper curve than the pommel horses the Russians were using, he noticed something unusual.  I noticed that when I did the exercise, the curved surface of the car seat helped me flex my knees more so that I could get a greater range of motion. Although you can t directly attribute all his lifting success to one exercise, it should be noted that in 1974 after Charniga began performing the exercise, he snatched 352 pounds, only 5 pounds off the American record in his bodyweight division.<br>In 1979 Charniga visited Russia and found that every gym he looked in had a glute-ham station, and that the exercise was an integral part of the training of Russian weightlifters. He saw that weightlifters would often perform some variation of the exercise twice in a workout, once before the workout with light weights as a warm-up, and again at the end of the workout with heavy weights as a strengthening exercise. This sensible practice was also followed in the U.S. In fact, five-time national weightlifting champion Ken Clark, whose picture appears in the BFS Total Program Book, began every workout with several sets of back extension exercises. In 1983, at a body weight of 220 pounds, Clark clean and jerked 470 pounds, an American record that has yet to be equaled.<br>While in Russia, Charniga noticed that not much had changed in regard to how the exercise was performed since that first Strength and Health article, with the exception that some gyms had positioned straps to secure the feet.  They simply didn t have access to materials, or the budget, to have someone make a sophisticated glute-ham developer for them. When