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X{P׈ȣDw@?F'"V1Vfgd|r:ځ#xt;brI/qIyK{9Vd@=5}sJ"W? hWҶ} 5Ǻsq:3M߅IƏWJԧywND899g-=@rb8̍9)CxGRUf`' 0: cܣדRO5(N9@lHrH)c;#+ǸS5` 8R@))YrŞ}+nK*V'^ e+C1T J P69UmR 3xO|cֹ\.Mlu_h0s=ukzs( e%kbL⼋wu]ł >ΌV7$W#g =-Υ;dٖ> xIjܗQ\s0B\PhAPH<"GuLVmGi^1uiKiP1%siHZo!{m!|rָ呓sf?#8+F,i00kPi3ZjVfMe/G*x#TXF' p=3]m.HX+@:Rۂ{sMݏp`W`DNNL =~Jbd֚-!4}xDvs7XVd7]1f[{;Vn9n+)ZǹF6KX$ =N+S^{V6 t1 ۏ/ۏhXJOQ#wx_h"z/ZRG}m[+n x,GT[sEACw4εy@ʏI]úd׉a|\`+WN̎m.qTHy5xM4NVƞd9hbyTE,pPӽfF}kObMHtrCe]^⻨厤9\a⎔ߥ#=Z {rjQ ˞Tc fdgM#tsLZD,ڙ~Xh$a}_Єk`r:V^3]_ŏu UrIsV3!jdb"/jBmQ)74 RIX(KS+W)(d4Da NH%KG?z{ D{X8#4TvPC#T}j}w+TQ2@Oze*I$f? }kc\3^z2$xG5k3X2G=7$v#aʀ<$Bs^(k1 /92+ͯʙk%ROfm9 Sas JFS0s^rXjP<3zQ$=:sژdZ8xѱ֫HpN*~^e[țK)JψcIR2L{^/-x6kҾBne몌Tkc!KA5I üۼM4v2}(78'g{c(s=NvDO(LN:&+nn0uBOμu'"nq (IZ7II]&EjJВ''<ջU aQSKd6M?J{֐]x'8H\ڦˠ$`b??Z(hn!nQ( akk׷6j 0+E>9Pu؁BOZ(jl =t.<BR>One important point to consider about strength curves concerns the effects of muscular fatigue. For a bench press, as the set progresses fatigue would make the athlete less strong at the finish of the exercise than at the start. Let s say an athlete can bench press 200 pounds and is trying to perform as many reps as possible with 160 pounds. For the first five reps the weight feels lighter at the finish, for the next five reps the weight feels even through the entire movement, and at about the 15th rep the athlete will only able to lift the barbell a few inches off the chest but cannot finish the lift. <BR>The practical application of the fatigue factor is that chains would not be appropriate for bodybuilding protocols that require high repetitions, such as reps of 12-15, because the resistance would be too heavy at the end range of motion. Because the BFS program emphasizes lower reps than do bodybuilding programs, chains would be a good training method, especially during the first week of the BFS training cycle, which uses set-rep protocols of 3x3. It would be less effective during the fourth week, in which sets of 10-8-6 are performed for many core lifts.<BR><BR>Moving Beyond Nautilus<BR><BR>When I trained for several months on the Nautilus machines in the early  70s, I was disappointed that the exercises never felt  smooth throughout the entire lift. I was told by the gym instructors that this was because my earlier training with free weights had altered my natural force curves, and that extended Nautilus-only training would eventually make my muscles balanced and the exercises would feel perfect. In reality, I believe the problem was that the machines I was using had force curves that were designed on the basis of 1-rep maxes, not the multiple repetitions I was using and the manufacturers recommended. <BR>There have been various attempts to provide appropriate resistance for all types of strength curves. One former Mr. Universe and gym owner changed his Nautilus machines to use circular pulleys and found they worked much better. David, an exercise equipment company in Sweden, designed its machines to adjust to the curves displayed during higher repetitions. In a David leg extension, for example, there would be minimal resistance at the end of the exercise, exactly opposite of how the cam works on a Nautilus machine. Another refinement was isokinetic machines, which allow the athlete to perform exercises at one movement speed. With such machines, resistance is applied only when movement occurs, so that no work is being performed during the isometric (pause) and eccentric (lowering) portions of the exercise. This is a major problem.<BR>Research has shown that the eccentric portion of an exercise is the most effective type of muscular contraction for developing strength, and eccentric strength is important for developing the ability to control the forces that occur in sports, such as landing during a jump in volleyball or basketball.  Also, because these machines only allow for one movement speed and because acceleration is an important component to the development and maintenance of power, these machines would be detrimental to athletic performance, says Jerry Telle, a personal trainer from Littleton, Colorado, who has done extensive research on strength curves. <B